Rubber blends of caboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and natural rubber (NR) filled with polystyrene-encapsulated nanosilica (PS-nSiO 2) were prepared by latex compounding. The PS-nSiO2 synthesized by in situ differential microemulsion polymerization was used at 3 phr as the filler in three different XSBR/NR blend ratios (70/30, 50/50, and 30/70). The nanocomposite latex was cast into sheets on glass molds and cured in an oven. The specimens were examined for their tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The tensile strength and elongation at break were found to increase with increasing levels of NR in the rubber blends, but the modulus decreased. Moreover, the tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability were all improved by the addition of PS-nSiO2 within the blend systems.
A polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based nanocomposite was prepared by using nanoclay-polyacrylic acid gel (nanoclay-PAA gel) as a reinforcing filler. For nanoclay-PAA gel, the cation-exchange method was used to prepare an organoclay from bentonite clay and hexadecyl trimethylammonium chloride. The organoclay was then dispersed in isopropanol, mixed with PAA gel (PAA powder swollen in water at room temperature to 1 wt%) under mechanical stirring, and neutralized with Triethanolamine (TEA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed an increasing of basal spacing and the intercalated structure of nanoclay gel was also found. The good distribution of organoclay in gel matrix were revealed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). PET/Clay nanocomposites with various inorganic clay contents (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt%), were then prepared via melt mixing in a twin screw extruder. PET/Clay nanocomposites structure, phase morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of PET/Clay nanocomposites were investigated by XRD, SEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and universal testing machine, respectively. The results reveals the exfoliated and intercalated structures of nanoclay in PET/Clay nanocomposites, the improvement of thermal properties and the increasing of crystallinity, leading to the enhancement of mechanical properties.
The objective of this research was to fabricate a novel nanoclay masterbatch containing polymer‐intercalated in nanoclay with comparable degree of interlayer expansion, flowability, and high thermal stability. It is ready to use for preparing polymer/clay nanocomposites by melt extrusion. The nanoclay masterbatch was efficiently prepared in one‐step via a new approach called nanoclay gel. The nanoclay gels were successfully prepared at different original nanoclay concentrations ranging from low to high clay loading (10%, 20%, and 30% w/v) in cooperation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at various PEG loadings (weight ratios of nanoclay/PEG 1/1, ½, and 1/3) and kappa carrageenan (KC), a thermolytic hydrogel at a fixed minimum concentration. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the intercalation of PEG molecules expanded silicate basal spacing up to 17–18 A° even at high percentage of nanoclay (dry content about 24–49 wt%). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the denser packing of clay layers in accordance to an increase in density of the dry nanoclay gel with increment of original nanoclay loadings. An increase of PEG content exhibited better flow ability as seen by increasing melt flow index. Thermal decomposition of the nanoclay gels was up to 380°C; by using the dry nanoclay gels to prepare polystyrene (PS)/clay nanocomposites via melt extrusion. The morphological results showed that the exfoliated structures were achieved. The mechanical and thermal stability properties were significantly enhanced. The appearing color of PS/clay nanocomposites prepared from nanoclay gel was bright pale‐yellow without evidence of thermal degradation. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2751–2767, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
is research employed a novel and facile approach called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.. is innovative technique was conducted by attaching the clay layers directly onto a mobile polymer, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), in order to modify the clay layer through PEG-clay intercalation and PEG-hydrogen bonding. is state was maintained with a small amount of the anionic polymer hydrogel, for example, kappa-carrageenan (KC), and turning it into a highly porous and fragile structure by freeze-drying, thus a so-called nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e facile nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was able to be attained even at high clay loadings (55-67 wt.% of the inorganic clay content) with constant PEG and KC loadings. e interlayer spacing enlargement of the nanoclay galleries was around 17Å with the typical lamellar morphology like a house of cards structure. e density values were within 0.108-0.122 g·cm −3 . e thermal stabilities were up to 270°C, revealing better thermal stability for melt mixing with the commodity plastics at a high melting temperature. e flowability and processability were certified by the melt flow index (MFI) results. e highest nanoclay loading capacity (67 wt.%) of the achieved nanoclay aerogel masterbatch was selected to prepare PS-clay nanocomposites via a melt-mixing process. e comparative nanocomposites were produced by using organoclay. e results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited that the exfoliated morphologies were obtained at all clay contents (1-3 wt.%); however, the intercalated structure was gained by using organoclay.e outstanding transparency and brightness were remarked from the specimens prepared by using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch. e brownish specimens were observed by using organoclay. e significant improvements of tensile properties, glass transition temperature (T g ), and thermal stability were noticed from the nanocomposites prepared using the nanoclay aerogel masterbatch.
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