Fragaria vesca, commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry, is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia. Because of its small plant size, low heterozygosity, and relatively easy for genetic transformation, F. vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011. However, its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question. Here, we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome of F. vesca ‘Hawaii 4’, with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs, providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date. The gap-free genome is 220,785,082 bp in length and encodes 36,173 protein-coding gene models, including 1153 newly annotated genes. All 14 telomeres and 7 centromeres were annotated within the 7 chromosomes. Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors, F. vesca, F. iinumae, and F. viridis, phylogenomic analysis showed that F. vesca and F. viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F. × ananassa, and F. vesca is its closest relative. Three subgenomes of F. × ananassa belong to the F. vesca group, and one is sister to F. viridis. We anticipate that this high-quality, telomere-to-telomere, gap-free F. vesca genome, combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry, will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.
Aims. Left distal transradial arterial approach (ldTRA) is a new interventional route that spares right radial artery (RRA) for use in haemodialysis and as bypass graft. Vasant Kunj Left dIstal Transradial ArtEry approach (VKLITE) study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of ldTRA access during coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results. Between April 2018 and June 2020, 108 patients were enrolled and underwent CAG ± PCI via ultrasound guided ldTRA. Arterial puncture, CAG, and PCI were successful in 96.3% (104/108), 92.1% (93/101), and 94.1% (32/34) patients, respectively. Access site crossover rate was 14/108 (13.0%). Mean puncture, procedure, and haemostasis time (minutes) were 6.7 ± 7.1, 55.7 ± 32.8, and 23.1 ± 11.9. Median total fluoroscopic time was 6.6 minutes (IQR-14.2), and median total radiation dose was 39.2 Gy-cm2 (IQR-97.0). Local haematoma occurred in 11 patients (10.2%) with major haematoma in 1.9%, all recovering within three weeks. Mean pain score was 2.4 ± 2.3, and patient satisfaction score was 9.0 ± 1.3. LdTRA access compared with RRA access (n = 121) showed significantly increased mean procedure time (55.7 ± 32.8 vs. 43.9 ± 26.0 minutes, p = 0.01) and median total fluoroscopic time (6.6 [IQR-14.2] vs. 4.7 [IQR-8.2] minutes, p = 0.02), with similar median total radiation dose (39.2 [IQR-97.0] vs. 43.8 [IQR-54.5] Gy-cm2, p = 0.56). No radial artery loss, dissection, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, or nerve injury was noted. Conclusions. LdTRA access is feasible with few complications during CAG/PCI. Patient comfort and satisfaction makes it a desirable route for coronary interventions.
Small protein B(SmpB) cooperates with transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) for trans-translation to ensure the quality control of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Furthermore, they regulate cell metabolism separately. According to research, SmpB functions as a transcription factor, and tmRNA acts as a small RNA. Purine pathway has been reported to be related to trimethoprim resistance, including hypoxanthine synthesis, adenosine metabolism and guanosine metabolism. Another reason of drug tolerance is the efflux pump of the bacterium. In transcriptomic data, it was shown that the expression of some related enzymes in adenosine metabolism were raised significantly in smpB deletion strain than that of wild type, which led to the differential trimethoprim resistance of Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii). Furthermore, the metabolic products of adenosine AMP, cAMP, and deoxyadenosine were accumulated significantly. However, the expressions of the enzymes related to hypoxanthine synthesis and guanosine metabolism were elevated significantly in ssrA (small stable RNA, tmRNA) deletion strain, which eventually caused an augmented metabolic product xanthine. In addition, the deletion of ssrA also affected the significant downregulations of efflux pump acrA/acrB. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were overall decreased after the trimethoprim treatment to the wild type, smpB and ssrA. And the difference in sensitivity between smpB and ssrA was evident. The MIC of smpB was descended significantly than those of wild type and ssrA in M9 medium supplemented with 1 mM adenosine, illustrating that the adenosine metabolism pathway was principally influenced by SmpB. Likewise, the strain ssrA conferred more sensitivity than wild type and smpB in M9 medium supplemented with 1mM guanosine. By overexpressing acrA/acrB, the tolerance to trimethoprim was partially recovered in ssrA. These results revealed that SmpB and tmRNA acted on different branches in purine metabolism, conferring the diverse trimethoprim resistance to A. veronii. This study suggests that the trans-translation system might be an effective target in clinical treatment of A. veronii and other multi-antibiotic resistance bacteria with trimethoprim.
The present study is aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and biological activities of methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus roots. Dried plant was grounded and extracted with methanol to prepare methanol crud extract. In vitro biological tests were conducted using this methanolic extracts according to the standard procedure. 100% death rate of brine shrimp was perceived at 3 mg/mL of plant extract after 72 hours. The extract showed action against Aspergillus flavius i.e. 90% followed by A. niger (91%) while the highest activity was shown against A. fumegatrus (94%). Important scavenging results were detected during scavenging of free radicals viz; 92.2% against DPPH, 82.2% to ABTS, 75.8% to hydrogen peroxide, 88.1% to β-carotene, 86.1% to hydroxyl radical and 89.4% against phosphomolybdate at 3 mg/mL were obtained. The results obtained in this study point out that extract showed significant biological activities which might be due to the presence of bioactive constituents.
Plants in their natural habitat frequently face different biotic and abiotic stresses, which lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cell membranes, cause peroxidation and deterioration of macromolecules, and ultimately result in cell death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a class of metalloenzymes, is primarily found in living organisms and serves as the principal line of defense against ROS. The SOD gene family has not yet been characterized in any species of water lily from the genus Nymphaea. The present study aims to conduct a genome-wide study to discover SOD genes in four representative water lily species. In our present comparative study, we discovered 43 SOD genes in the genomes of four water lily species. The phylogenetic investigation results revealed that SOD genes from water lily and closely related plant species formed two distinct groups, as determined by their binding domains with high bootstrap values. Enzymatic ion-binding classified the SOD gene family into three groups, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, and MnSOD. The analysis of gene structure indicated that the SOD gene family exhibited a relatively conserved organization of exons and introns, as well as motif configuration. Moreover, we discovered that the promoters of water lily SODs contained five phytohormones, four stress-responsive elements, and numerous light-responsive cis-elements. The predicted 3D protein structures revealed water lily SODs form conserved protein dimer signatures that were comparable to each other. Finally, the RT-qPCR gene expression analysis of nine NcSOD genes revealed their responsiveness to heat, saline, cold, cadmium chloride, and copper sulphate stress. These findings establish a basis for further investigation into the role of the SOD gene family in Nymphaea colorata and offer potential avenues for genetic enhancement of water lily aquaculture.
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