Cowpea is a tolerant crop to water deficit, with moderate protein and mineral contents, as well as fast cooking, which are important requirements for semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the retention of total proteins and minerals after cooking in cowpea genotypes, in order to select those that best preserve these nutrients contents. Twenty-four genotypes were evaluated, being ten lines, five commercial cultivars and nine landraces maintained by farmers. Cooking had a reduced effect on the contents of protein, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc in cowpea grains, with significant effects only in a few genotypes. A significant and positive correlation was observed only for grain yield x zinc content and protein content x cooking time. The line CPCR3F6L17 presented a high grain yield and high levels of protein, potassium, iron and zinc after cooking, showing to be a promising option for the studied region.
The fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum are pathogens responsible for causing dieback disease in mangoes. Studies on the inheritance of resistance to these fungal diseases in mango are quite limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inheritance of resistance to dieback disease in three pseudo-F 2 progenies to assist in mango breeding programs. Young branches containing young leaves were selected, and suspension of 10 3 conidia/mL of L. theobromae or N. parvum was sprayed separately. After inoculation, leaves were protected in a plastic wet chamber for 48 hours. The infection was estimated by taking the branches without symptoms/total number of inoculated branches. Plants without disease symptoms in more than 90% of the branches, in three different inoculation periods, were considered as resistant. Keitt, Haden, and Espada cultivars were resistant to both fungi, while 'Tommy Atkins' was susceptible to both pathogens. Monogenic resistance, conferred by recessive alleles, was observed for L. theobromae for the three crossings evaluated, despite the 13:3 segregation detected for 'Keitt' x 'Tommy Atkins'. For N. parvum, recessive resistance with 3:1 monogenic segregation was observed in the crossing 'Keitt' x 'Tommy Atkins', and 9:7 epistatic segregation was reported in the crossing 'Haden' x 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Espada x 'Tommy Atkins'. The mono or digenic inheritance observed in the present study indicates the possibility of selection in the F 2 generation and identification of plants with double resistance to L. theobromae and N. parvum in mango trees.
Mango growing is one of the main agricultural activities in the fruit sector in Brazil for the internal and export market. The crop is subject to damage caused by the fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum, especially mango dieback disease, which limits the yield and longevity of the mango tree. In spite of the importance of these pathogens, studies regarding sources of resistance in mango are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate 75 accessions of mango available in the germplasm bank regarding resistance to the fungi L. theobromae and N. parvum to support breeding programs for mango growing. Evaluations were carried out from Apr 2016 to Mar 2018. Conidia suspensions of 10 4 conidia mL -1 of L. theobromae or N. parvum were applied with a manual sprayer on young branches. Accessions were considered resistant when disease symptoms were absent on more than 90% of the branches at three different periods of inoculation. Thirty-three accessions showed resistance to L. theobromae and 19 accessions showed resistance to N. parvum. Six accessions were most susceptible (<50%) to L. theobromae, whereas 25 accessions were most susceptible to N. parvum. The accessions 'Apple DCG', 'Ataulfo', 'Da porta', 'Dashehari', 'Espada', 'Haden', 'Haden 2H', 'Heidi', 'Irwin', 'Keitt', 'Kent', 'Néldica', 'Recife', and 'Smith' showed resistance to the two pathogens and can be used as sources of resistance to the two fungi in mango breeding studies, or these accessions can even be recommended for use as commercial cultivars.
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