BACKGROUND:Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime, with 6% requiring medical attention. This study was conducted to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis at SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study of the cases of epistaxis managed at SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, a tertiary care hospital, from July 2014 to January 2015.All patients of acute epistaxis due to any cause were included. The data for the following variables was collected; gender, age, age group, cause, type and laterality of epistaxis and success rate of treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients with epistaxis were studied. Males were affected more than the females (1.8:1). Their mean age was 32.24 ± 12.54 years (range 4 to 82 years). The commonest cause of epistaxis was trauma (46.22%) followed by hypertension (25.43%) and idiopathic (18.43%). Anterior nasal bleeding was noted in majority of the patients (69.29%). Non-surgical measures were the main intervention methods in 99.12% of cases and of this, local cauterization (49.12%) and anterior nasal packing (26.31%) were most common non-surgical measures. Surgical measures mainly tumor resection was carried out in 0.87% of cases. The overall success rate of treatment was 92.0%. CONCLUSION: Epistaxis is the commonest otolaryngological emergency. Trauma resulting from road traffic accident (RTA) remains the most common etiological factor for epistaxis. Most cases can be successfully managed with conservative (non-surgical) treatment alone and surgical intervention with its potential complications may not be necessary in most cases and should be the last resort. Reducing the incidence of trauma from RTA will reduce the incidence of emergency epistaxis.
BACKGROUND: Epidermoid cysts are ectoderm lined inclusion cysts which can be present anywhere in the body, but are rare in head and neck. Objectives: Although only 7% of the epidermoid cysts occur in head and neck region they are a part of differential diagnosis of neck swellings. Materials and methods: Cases which were proven as dermoid or epidermoid cysts by FNAC or by histopathology. Observation: Male patients were more affected than female patients. CONCLUSION: Complete removal should be carried out to prevent recurrence. INTRODUCTION:Dermoids and epidermoid are ectoderm lined inclusion cysts that differ in complexity. Epidermoid contain squamous epithelium only whereas dermoids contain hair, sebaceous and sweat glands along with squamous epithelium. Both arise from trapped pouches of ectoderm, near normal folds or from failure of surface ectoderm to separate from the neural tube. These slowly expanding, unilocular cystic masses usually produce mild symptoms 1 . Only 7% of them occur in head and neck region 2 . They commonly occur in the orbit, calvarial diploic space and intracranially 1 . In this study we present a series of dermoid and epidermoid cysts who presented to our institution over a period of one year.
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