Hemolysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with centrifugal pumps was common and associated with a number of adverse outcomes. Risk factors for hemolysis included oxygenator types, mean venous inlet pressure, and mean pump speed. Further studies are warranted comparing pump types while controlling both physical and nonphysical confounders.

Central ECMO seems to be associated with better survival than conventional ECMO and should be considered by clinicians as a viable strategy in children with refractory septic shock.

A single dose of sildenafil prevented rebound after withdrawal of NO, and reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation. Prophylaxis with sildenafil should be considered when weaning patients from inhaled NO.

In the context of our current treatment strategies, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and blood lactate level, measured in the early postoperative period, were the best predictors of impending major adverse events.

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More than two-thirds of children who stay in intensive care for ≥28 days have an unfavorable outcome (moderate disability, severe disability, or death). Long-stay patients in pediatric intensive care utilized a large proportion of resources and this utilization has considerably increased with time. Service provision and policy making should expect worsening of these trends in the future; its effects on critical care bed availability and overall activity levels could be substantial.