High acid-tolerant AAB contains the high ADH and ALDH activities causing higher ETAs in HIA process. It is a competitive commercialized acetification process.
The enhancement of antioxidant activity of fermented okara was investigated using fungal solid-state fermentation. The initial fungal concentration and water activity were found to influence the enhanced antioxidant capacity of fermented okara. Extracellular enzymes, especially proteases and carbohydrases might facilitate the hydrolysis of okara protein that yielded antioxidative amino acids and peptides, as well as the release of isoflavones-derived components. Fermentation of okara with R. oligosporus with 1.04×10-3 g DCW /g okara as initial concentration, water activity of 0.931 was found to yield the highest antioxidant strength. Whereas for A. Oryzae, 1.6×10-3 g DCW /g okara was optimum as the initial concentration with water activity of 0.913. With these optimum conditions, solid-state fermentation of okara could enhance the antioxidant activity up to 2.6-and 5.5-fold, respectively for R. oligosporus and A. oryzae. Besides having an enhanced antioxidant activity, the fermented okara also had higher protein content, amino nitrogen content, and protein digestibility.
High cell biomass in LSM-AAB provides good conditions for higher ETAs of quick acetification under adequate oxygen transfer by reciprocating shaker. It is a sustainable process for small-scale vinegar production system requiring minimal set-up cost.
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