The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizational commitment, and organizational identification with turnover intentions. This paper also explains the mediating relationship between organizational commitment and organizational identification with the corporate social responsibility and turnover intentions. The data were gathered from banking professionals working in different banks in Pakistan. The participants were recruited through convenient sampling; in total, three hundred participants were involved in this study. The resulting data were analyzed, and the conclusions were drawn through regression and correlation analysis using the SPSS Software. The findings of this study show that corporate social responsibility plays a significant role in determining the organizational commitment and organizational identification of internal stakeholders and employees in financial institutions. This study will be help organizations determine their social responsibility and all the benefits that they can receive through the implementation of CSR practices.

This research aims to explore the impact of corporate governance on firm performance while considering financial leverage as a mediating variable. This study was conducted in the non-financial sector of Pakistan, and data was collected from financial statements. A sample of 150 firms was selected from those registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2011–2021. Results show that corporate governance is associated with firm performance. Board size has a positive relationship with firm performance; as board size increases, the performance of the firm also increases. Board independence is positively and significantly associated with firm performance. Audit committee size is also positively associated with firm performance. Female directors on the board are also associated with positive firm performance. Board independence, board size, audit committee, and female directorship were positively associated with financial leverage. Corporate governance protects the interest of shareholders and transfers risk from shareholders to debt holders. Results show that corporate governance enhances the financial distress cost by enhancing the debt ratio in the financial leverage. Financial leverage partially mediates the board size and board independence with firm performance, while audit committee size and female directorship relationship with firm performance are fully mediated.

The paper assesses its relationship with firm innovation and Organizational performance in a single integrative model by using spss data set of 53 Pakistani SME’s firms. A questionnaire of self-administrative is developed to collect the data. Researcher personally visits of different SME’s firms and collect the data from manager of SME’s firms. The research use 275 questionnaire is distributed in different SME’s sector. In this study the statistical techniques of data analysis are used to investigate and find out the relationship among the Firm performance and the other factors. SPSS version16 is used for reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, correlation analysis, to check either modal is good fit or not. Our results supports a partial mediation effect of innovation performance on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm performance, meanwhile the effect of corporate social responsibility on firm performance shrinks upon the adding of innovation performance to the model. The findings may help to understand how corporate social responsibility is an important driver mechanism for companies to be more inventive, proficient and effective.

The study focuses on investigating the long-term and the short-term effect of uncertainty, and financial development on the FDI inflow of Pakistan during the period 2001–2019. To achieve the objective of this study, we obtained the data from World Development Indicators (WDI) and the European policy uncertainty index’s websites. The dependent variable was FDI inflow. Experimental variables of the study are uncertainty and financial development. The stationarity testing revealed that FDI and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EUP) have weak significance and FD has no significance. However, by taking the first difference, all the variables become highly significant. Similarly, it is further indicated that the optimal lag level is four. Additionally, the bound test confirmed that a long-term relationship (co-integration) existed between the variables of the study. The ARDL estimations conclude that uncertainty and financial development have long-run as well as short-run effects on FDI inflow for Pakistan during the period of study. The uncertainty plays a strong part in decreasing the FDI inflow, whereas financial development plays a strong part in enhancing the FDI inflow in Pakistan during the period of study.

The research purpose was to find out the influence of ethical context on certain employees’ behaviors (OCB-I, OCB-O In-role performance) working in the largest telecom companies of Pakistan. The most valuable asset for an organization is its employees, so the management must fix the factors that hinder their performance. In recent years, employees’ attitudes and behaviors in their work settings have remained the admiring topics in the field of organizational behavior. This study aims to investigate the impact of ethical culture and ethical climate on employee in-role performance and citizenship behavior while considering perceived organizational support as a mediating variable. The sample for this research is consisted of 800 employers and employees working in the top four cellular companies of large cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Statistical Package for Social Science version SPSS 16 is used for data analysis. To check the mediating and direct relationship between key variables of the study, correlation and regression analysis is used. Results indicate that both ethical culture and ethical climate have a positive relationship with employees’ outcomes i.e. in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Perceived organizational support partially mediates the relationship between ethical context and employees’ outcomes.