Ovarian carcinoma is caused by multiple factors, but its etiology associated with microbes and infection is unknown. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing methods, the diversity and composition of the microbiota from ovarian cancer tissues (25 samples) and normal distal fallopian tube tissues (25 samples) were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity and richness indexes were significantly decreased in ovarian cancer tissues compared to tissues from normal distal fallopian tubes. The ratio of the two phyla for Proteobacteria/Firmicutes was notably increased in ovarian cancer, which revealed that microbial composition change might be associated with the process of ovarian cancer development. In addition, transcriptome-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses suggested that the transcriptional profiles were statistically different between ovarian carcinoma and normal distal fallopian tubes. Moreover, a set of genes including 84 different inflammation-associated or immune-associated genes, which had been named as the human antibacterial-response genes were also modulated expression. Therefore, we hypothesize that the microbial composition change, as a novel risk factor, may be involving the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer via influencing and regulating the local immune microenvironment of fallopian tubes except for regular pathways.
thinning and only some thin B-lines. The woman was discharged. She is now at 29 weeks' gestation, asymptomatic, with normally progressing pregnancy. We believe that extensive training of physicians may be considerably helpful in case of an unfortunate but likely continuing increase in the number of COVID-19 cases.
Abstract. Currently, acquired resistance to cisplatin (DDP) is a substantial obstacle to reducing the morbidity and mortality due to ovarian malignant tumors. Nevertheless, cisplatin plays a vital role in killing the tumor cells while it may also be a 'primer' involved in chemotherapy resistance. We found that the cisplatin-induced chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) secretion derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted ovarian cancer cell resistance to cisplatin. Via a cytokine chip assay, we identified a spectrum of secreted proteins that were derived from the CAFs through cisplatin-induced treatment. Among these, CCL5 significantly attenuated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, CCL5 expression was also detected in 62 serous ovarian cancer patient tissue specimens using IHC, and the results demonstrated that chemotherapy resistant patients displayed higher expression of CCL5 than the chemo-sensitive patients (P<0.05). Mechanistically, we found that CCL5 notably increased STAT3 and Akt phosphorylation levels in ovarian cancer cells. These results indicated that cisplatininduced CCL5 secretion derived from the CAFs may promote cisplatin resistance, which was mediated by regulation of the STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signal pathways.
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