The radiation force of modified circular Airy beams (MCAB) exerted on both a high-refractive-index particle and a low-refractive-index particle are analyzed in this paper. Our results show that the two kinds of particles can be simultaneously stably trapped by MCAB at different positions. Compared with the common circular Airy beams (CAB) with the same parameters, trapping forces on the two kinds of particles are greatly increased because of the enhanced abruptly autofocusing property and the appearance of hollow region in MCAB. The trapping forces can be modulated by varying parameters of MCAB, and it is important to choose appropriate parameters to trap particles in practice.

BackgroundReceiving a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is both a physical and emotional journey. Previous studies using single-source data have revealed common and culture-specific emotional experiences of patients living with breast cancer. However, few studies have combined such data from multiple sources. Thus, using a variety of data sources, the current study sought to explore the emotional experiences of women in China newly diagnosed, post-operative, or undergoing chemotherapy. We posited that even though women living with breast cancer in China have multiple channels through which they can express these emotional experiences, little variance would be found in their emotional expressivity and the themes they want to express due to cultural inhibitions.MethodsText data from female patients newly diagnosed, post-operative, or undergoing chemotherapy were collected between June 2021 and January 2022 via a Python web crawler, semi-structured interviews, and an expressive writing intervention. Data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Reporting followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) guidelines.ResultsAnalyses were based on 5,675 Weibo posts and comments published by 448 posters and 1,842 commenters, transcription texts from 17 semi-structured interviews, and 150 expressive writing texts. From this total collection of 461,348 Chinese characters, three major themes emerged: (i) conflicting emotions after diagnosis; (ii) long-term suffering and treatment concerns; and (iii) benefit finding and cognitive reappraisal.ConclusionsDespite gathering information from various sources, we found that distress from body-image disturbances, gender role loss and conflict, and changes in sexuality and fertility, were consistent among this sample of female Chinese patients with breast cancer. However, when women engaged actively in benefit finding and cognitive reappraisal with strong social support, patients were able to find ways to adapt and reported post-traumatic growth. Strong social support was an important facilitator in this growth. These study findings emphasize that healthcare professionals ought to increase cultural sensitivity, provide multiple channels to encourage patients to express their emotions, and incorporate screening for patients' emotional distress at all diagnostic and treatment phases as part of routine nursing care.

We have proposed a kind of modified circular Airy beam (MCAB) based upon a modification of the Fourier spectrum of circular Airy beams (CAB) in this paper. Unlike most abruptly autofocusing beams, the position of peak intensity of MCAB can be moved to any rings behind. Two apodization parameters are introduced to describe the propagation characteristics of MCAB. It is found that the focal position, focal trajectory and the size of focal spot do not change with the apodization parameters; but the abruptly autofocusing property will be greatly enhanced if appropriately apodization parameters are chosen. Comparing with the common CAB and the previous blocked CAB, the MCAB shows better abruptly autofocusing property. It may have more applications in various fields.

Ge ion implantation is adopted for doping of Sb2Te3 thin films and modifying the amorphous to crystal transition kinetics. The crystallization temperatures, crystallization activation energies of crystallization, and thermal stability improve with the Ge dose increasing from 5 × 1015 to 3.0 × 1016 Ge-ions/cm2. In the case of 1.0 × 1016 Ge-ions/cm2 dose, GexSb2Te3 phase change material exhibits a higher crystallization temperature (∼180 °C), a larger crystallization activation energy (∼3.7 eV), and a better data retention ability (∼102 °C for 10 years) in comparison with Ge2Sb2Te5. A reversible switching between Set and Reset can be realized by an electric pulse width as short as 10 ns for GexSb2Te3 based phase change memory.

The Simon effect refers to the acceleration of choice responses when the target position and response location are consistent compared with scenarios in which they are inconsistent, even if the target position is not relevant to the response. Here, we provide the first demonstration that the tactile Simon-like effect operates in an attention-shifting manner. In unimodal scenarios (Experiments 1–4), for the tactile direction task, the spatial compatibility effect was absent in the focused-attention condition but maintained in the divided-attention condition. For the tactile localization task, this pattern was reversed: the spatial compatibility effect occurred for the focused-attention condition but was reduced/absent in the divided-attention condition. In the audiotactile interaction scenario (Experiment 5), the reaction times (RTs) for discriminating the tactile motion direction were prolonged; however, a spatial compatibility effect was not observed. We propose that the temporal course of resolving conflicts between spatial codes during attentional shifts, including attentional reengagement, may account for the tactile Simon-like effect.

In filled-duration illusion, a continuous (long) tone or an auditory sequence with multiple clicks is typically perceived as longer than the same physical duration (i.e., empty interval) enclosed by two auditory clicks. The auditory sequence is composed of multiple empty intervals. However, the individual empty interval in an auditory sequence, compared with the empty interval presented alone, could be biased in duration perception. In the current study, we implemented five experiments to reveal that the time perception of a single empty interval versus that of (mean) empty intervals in an auditory sequence depends on the task demands and contextual information. Specifically, we observed that the empty interval (140 ms) was perceived as longer than the same physical inter-stimulus interval in a sound sequence (Experiments 1 and 3). However, the empty interval (140 ms) was perceived as shorter than a continuous beep (i.e., filled duration of 140 ms) (Experiment 2). We observed a robust compression effect, in which the target empty interval (bounded by two oddball clicks) was perceived as shorter than the other physically equivalent intervals in a sound sequence (Experiment 4). In addition to the 'compression', perception of the target empty interval was assimilated by the other, task-irrelevant empty intervals in the sound sequence (Experiment 5). We explained the observed contextually modulated temporal illusions within a Bayesian inference framework.Time is scaled in multiple units, from milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, and days to years. Different mechanisms have been proposed to account for the perceptions of those different time units (Czeisler et al., 1999;Fraisse, 1963;Grothe, 2003;P€ oppel, 1988). Time perception in the subsecond range has been presumed to take place on a perceptual level, while the processing of the 'above-second' range normally mobilizes cognitive engagement (

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A confined structure phase change memory (PCM) cell has been fabricated based on the focused-ion beam technique. Furthermore, the titanium dioxide clad layer was proposed for promoting the temperature rise in the Ge0.61Sb2Te layer that causes the reduction in the reset voltage and current compared to the phase change memory cell without clad layer. Theoretical thermal simulation and calculation for the reset process are conducted to analyze the thermal effect of the titanium dioxide heating layer. The improved performance of the PCM cell with dioxide clad layer can be attributed to the fact that the buffer layer not only acted as heating layer but also efficiently reduced the cell dissipated power.