Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) is a complication of oral and maxillofacial malignancy that arises following radiotherapy; progressive jaw necrosis severely decreases the quality of life of patients. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) are a cell type with self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation potential in the bone marrow stroma. These cells are associated with bone tissue regeneration and are one of the primary cell types affected by bone tissue radiation injury. α-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a glycoprotein-rich macromolecule that interacts with cytokines, growth factors and hormones to serve a variety of biological roles. In addition, α2M possesses radio-protective effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether α2M has protective effects against radiation injury of hBMMSCs. Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to monitor cell proliferation. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B, sex determining region Y, Nanog, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoglycin and manganese superoxide dismutase expression. The formation of calcium nodules was evaluated by Alizarin red staining after osteogenic induction. Flow cytometric analysis of Annexin-V and propidium iodide double staining was used to detect changes in apoptosis rate. Alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activity were determined using colorimetric assays. Reactive oxygen species levels were detected using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The results of the present study revealed that α2M increased the rate of proliferation, reduced autophagy, alleviated pluripotent differentiation injury, increased the osteogenic differentiation ability and decreased the rate of apoptosis in hBMMSCs following irradiation via an antioxidative pathway. In conclusion, α2M exhibited protective effects against radiation injury in hBMMSCs and may be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of ORNJ.
This study examined the contribution of long-term use of Lipiodol capsules, as a supplement to iodized salt to the control of iodine deficiency disorders among women in Xinjiang of China. A total of 1220 women (women of childbearing age who were neither pregnant nor lactating, pregnant women, and lactating women) across Kashgar, Aksu, Turpan, and Yili Prefectures were surveyed in 2017. Lipiodol capsules were administered twice yearly in Kashgar and once yearly in Aksu and Turpan, but not in Yili. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), FT3, FT4, TgAb, TPOAb, and thyroid volume values were assessed. All the women in the four areas were in a state of non-iodine deficiency by UIC. Also, the UICs were higher than adequate in Kashgar and Aksu (619.4 vs 278.6 μg/L). Thyroid hormone levels differed significantly in Turpan and Yili (FT3: 4.4 vs 4.6 pmol/L, FT4: 13.8 vs 14.2 pmol/L, TSH: 2.0 vs 2.7 mIU/L), but did not differ significantly in Kashgar, Aksu, and Yili. Comparatively, the four areas did not differ significantly with regards to thyroid nodules, autoimmune thyroiditis, or goiter. However, the detection rates of subclinical hypothyroidism (16.6%) and total thyroid dysfunction (25.4%) were higher among women in Yili. The findings suggested that supplementation with Lipiodol capsules had improved the iodine nutrition status of women in iodine-deficient areas of Xinjiang since 2006. To avoid negative effects of excess iodine, we suggest a gradual discontinuation of Lipiodol capsules in women with special needs based on the existing iodine nutrition level of local women.
Aviation structures are required to be resistant to impact damage from hail. Therefore, aiming to gain a better understanding of such impacts, the formation mechanisms, spherically layered structures, and layer-density distributions of real hail were investigated. Based on analysis of the influence of different constitutive model parameters on the impact load on a metal target plate, a layered finite-element hail model was established, and this and several equivalent hail models were simulated and compared in terms of the dynamic responses during impact with a Ti6Al4V alloy plate target. The results showed that the characteristic values of the contact forces and impact displacements of spherically layered hail were lower than those for equivalent hailstones with the same mass or diameter. The spherically layered modeling of hail could provide a method for fine analysis of the phenomenology of hailstone impacts.
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