Polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/RGO) composites on the rigid and plastic conducting substrates were fabricated via a facile two-step electrochemical process at low temperature. The polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) composites were first prepared on the substrate with electrochemical polymerization method, and the PPy/RGO composites were subsequently obtained by electrochemically reducing the PPy/GO. The resultant PPy/GO and PPy/RGO composites were porous, in contrast to the dense and flat pristine PPy films. The cyclic voltammetry measurement revealed that resultant composites exhibited a superior catalytic performance for triiodide reduction in the order of PPy/RGO > PPy/GO > PPy. The catalytic activity of PPy/RGO was comparable to that of Pt counter electrode (CE). Under the optimal conditions, an energy conversion efficiency of 6.45% was obtained for a rigid PPy/RGO-based dye-sensitized solar cell, which is 90% of that for a thermally deposited Pt-based device (7.14%). A plastic counter electrode was fabricated by depositing PPy/RGO composites on the plastic ITO/PEN substrate, and then an all-plastic device was assembled and exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 4.25%, comparable to that of the counterpart using a sputtered-Pt CE (4.83%) on a plastic substrate. These results demonstrated that electrochemical synthesis is a facile low-temperature method to fabricate high-performance RGO/polymer composite-based CEs for plastic DSCs.
Modern scientific experiments can generate hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes or even petabytes of data that may furthermore be maintained in large numbers of relatively small files. Frequently, this data must be disseminated to remote collaborators or computational centers for data analysis. Moving this data with high performance and strong robustness and providing a simple interface for users are challenging tasks. We present a data transfer framework comprising a high-performance data transfer library based on GridFTP, a data scheduler, and a graphical user interface that allows users to transfer their data easily, reliably, and securely. This system incorporates automatic tuning mechanisms to select at runtime the number of concurrent threads to be used for transfers. Also included are restart mechanisms capable of dealing with client, network, and server failures. Experimental results indicate that our data transfer system can significantly improve data transfer performance and can recover well from failures.
Conflict of interest: ERG holds a patent on "Peptide modulators of specific calcineurin protein-protein interactions" (US Application Serial No. 16/082,313) that includes the V1-cal peptide.
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