Background: Vaccination against seasonal influenza is usually very protective. However, coverage in service workers is low due to the large population density and high turnover. The aim of this study was to document the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the influenza vaccine among young service workers.Methods: A face-to-face interview and questionnaire were administered at the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (GZCDC) clinic. The questionnaires were analyzed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and willingness to vaccinate in the service industry population.Results: Overall, the response rate was 81.37% (1035/1272). Most of the participants had faith in the efficacy (94.20%) and safety (94.88%) of the influenza vaccine. A total of 88.7% of the respondents confirmed that children needed to be vaccinated compared to other subjects, including those who work with baby and children (45.89%), elderly people (38.95%), medical staff (38.95%) and chronic disease patients (27.33%). Only 6.47% of the respondents were clearly aware of the vaccination timeframe. One-fifth of the respondents (18.16%) reported being vaccinated within the last three years, representing a low voluntary vaccination rate (23.94%) and a high irregular vaccination rate (77.13%). The primary reason for ignoring the importance of vaccination was that the respondents believed that they were strong enough to not require immunization (42.19%). In the multivariate analysis, the main determinants of the participants' willingness to continue to vaccinate were their beliefs in vaccine protection, a high education level, vaccination behavior over the last 3 years and belief in the necessity of annual vaccinations.Conclusion: Our findings provide insights into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the service industry population prior to vaccination season in Guangzhou City. Most participants had a passive attitude toward the influenza vaccine, but there was still relatively low knowledge and implementation of the vaccine. Governments and health departments at all levels should develop a long-term strategy for fiscal subsidy policies and new health education patterns to enhance both the recognition and coverage of the influenza vaccine and to protect the citizens as a whole from infection. There is an urgent need for the pharmaceutical industries to develop a universal vaccine and to enhance the efficacy of vaccination.

No abstract

The traditional evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) is mainly based on 2D cell culture and animal models. However, these models are difficult to accurately represent human tumor microenvironment (TME) and fail to systematically study the complex transportation of NPs, thus limiting the translation of nano-drug formulations to clinical studies. This study reports a tumor model fabricated via 3D bioprinting with decellularized extracellular matrix (adECM) enhanced hybrid bioink. Compared with 2D cultured cells, the 3D printed tumor models with multicellular spheroids formation are closer to real tumor in protein, gene expression and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Two characteristics of TME, ECM remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are tracked simultaneously under 3D conditions. Furthermore, the cellular uptake efficiency of two different NPs is significantly lower in the printed 3D tumor model than the 2D individual cells, and higher drug resistance is observed in 3D group, which suggest the ECM barrier of tumor can significantly affect the permeability of NPs. These results suggest that this 3D printed tumor model is capable of mimicking the multiple TME, potentially providing a more accurate platform for the design and development of NPs before moving into animal and clinical trials.

Glioma is the most frequent primary brain tumor affecting adults, and the most lethal type is glioblastoma (GBM); currently, the available therapies only provide palliation. The treatments for low-grade glioma (LGG) include neurosurgical resection, watchful waiting, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while the therapeutic strategies for high-grade glioma (HGG), particularly in elderly patients, have evolved to include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted monotherapy based on the characteristics of the investigated patients. Proper assessments aiming to predict and achieve the most satisfying prognosis among patients prior to surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy help summarize the pretreatment characteristics of patients, providing doctors comprehensive information to consider while determining whether the patients could benefit from ongoing treatments and deciding the proper treatment strategy for subsequent phases. This article aims to rigorously review the most recent evidence and discuss current mainstream assessments before the initiation of proper treatments for glioma, thus highlighting the potential necessity of pretreatment assessments.