This study examined the value of a novel 1-step labeled integrin α v β 3 -targeting 18 F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 (denoted as 18 F-RGD) scan in assessing sensitivity to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods: Twenty-five patients with newly diagnosed GBM were enrolled in this study 3-5 wk after surgical resection. All participants were investigated with 18 F-RGD PET/CT on baseline (T1) and at the third week (T2) after the start of CCRT. Tumor volume, maximal and mean standardized uptake value of the tumor (SUV max , SUV mean ), and tumor-to-nontumor ratios of the tumor volume were obtained. The MRI treatment response was assessed at the 11th week (T3). The change in the lesion volume from T1 to T3 on MRI was used as an endpoint to evaluate the predictive ability of 18 F-RGD PET/CT. Results: With 18 F-RGD PET/CT imaging, we successfully visualized the residual lesions of GBM. Twenty-five and 23 18 F-RGD PET/CT scans at baseline and the third week, respectively, were available for analysis. We found that 18 F-RGD PET/CT parameters, both pretreatment SUV max on baseline (P , 0.05) and intratreatment SUV max at the third week (SUV maxT2 ) (P , 0.05) and tumor-to-nontumor ratios at the third week (P , 0.05), were predictive of treatment sensitivity to CCRT. Additionally, the change of volume from T1 to T2 on MRI was also predictive (P , 0.05). According to receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis, the most significant parameter was SUV maxT2 (area under the curve, 0.846). The threshold of SUV maxT2 was 1.35, and its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 84.6%, 90.0% and 87.0%, respectively. Conclusion: 18 F-RGD PET/CT allows for the noninvasive visualization of GBM lesions and the prediction of sensitivity to CCRT as early as 3 wk after treatment initiation.

BackgroundTo assess the feasibility of texture analysis (TA) based on spectral attenuated inversion-recovery T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SPAIR T2W-MRI) for the classification of hepatic hemangioma (HH), hepatic metastases (HM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe SPAIR T2W-MRI data of 162 patients with HH (n=55), HM (n=67) and HCC (n=40) were retrospectively analyzed. We used two independent cohorts for training (n = 112 patients) and validation (n = 50 patients). The TA was performed and textual parameters derived from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level gradient co-occurrence matrix (GLGCM), gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM), Gabor wavelet transform (GWTF), intensity-size-zone matrix (ISZM), and histogram features were calculated. The capacity of each parameter to classify three types of single liver lesions was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Specificity and sensitivity for each of the studied parameters were derived using ROC curves. Four supervised classification algorithms were trained with the most influential textural features in the classification of tumor types. The test datasets validated the reliability of the models.ResultsThe texture analyses showed that the HH versus HM, HM versus HCC, and HH versus HCC could be differentiated by 9, 16 and 10 feature parameters, respectively. The model’s misclassification rates were 11.7, 9.6 and 9.7% respectively. No texture feature was able to adequately distinguish among the three types of single liver lesions at the same time. The BP-ANN model had better predictive ability.ConclusionTexture features of SPAIR T2W-MRI can classify the three types of single liver lesions (HH, HM and HCC) and may serve as an adjunct tool for accurate diagnosis of these diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12880-017-0212-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This study was designated to verify if the lncRNA H19/miR-193a-3p axis would play a regulatory role in the radio-/chemo-resistances of HCC cells through targeting PSEN1. Within the study, five human HCC cell lines were prepared, including Bel-7402, HepG2, Hep3b, QGY-7703, and SMMC-7721. Moreover, docetaxel (DT), paclitaxel (Pt), vinorelbine (Vb), and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were managed as the chemo-therapeutics, and single-dose X-rays were performed as radio-therapies. Besides, lncRNA H19 and miR-193a-3p were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot were implemented to quantify the expressional levels of PSEN1, Ku80, γ-H2AX, and RAD51. Luciferase reporter gene assay was advanced to verify the targeted relationship between lncRNA H19 and miR-193a-3p. As a consequence, QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 were, respectively, the most radiation-sensitive and radiation-proof cell lines, and Bel-7402 was associated with the highest resistances to DT, Pt, Vb, and 5-FU. The restrained lncRNA H19 and over-expressed miR-193a-3p expressions tended to significantly elevate the survival rate and proliferation of Bel-7402 cells, when they were exposed to radiation and subject to chemo-therapies. The lncRNA H19 was also found to directly target miR-193a-3p in inducing the HCC development. PSEN1 appeared to be subject to the modification of lncRNA H19 and miR-193a-3p in its acting on the survival rates and proliferative abilities of HCC cells. The lncRNA H19/miR-193a-3p/PSEN1 axis could be regarded as the treatment targets for HCC, so as to further improve the treatment efficacy of chemo- and radio-therapies for HCC.