Self-orthogonal codes are an important subclass of linear codes which have nice applications in quantum codes and lattices. It is known that a binary linear code is self-orthogonal if its every codeword has weight divisible by four, and a ternary linear code is self-orthogonal if and only if its every codeword has weight divisible by three. It remains open for a long time to establish the relationship between the self-orthogonality of a general q-ary linear code and the divisibility of its weights, where q = p m for a prime p. In this paper, we mainly prove that any p-divisible code containing the all-1 vector over the finite field F q is self-orthogonal for odd prime p, which solves this open problem under certain conditions. Thanks to this result, we characterize that any projective two-weight code containing the all-1 codeword over F q is self-orthogonal. Furthermore, by the extending and augmentation techniques, we construct six new families of self-orthogonal divisible codes from known cyclic codes. Finally, we construct two more families of self-orthogonal divisible codes with locality 2 which have nice application in distributed storage systems.
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