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Novel biocompatible cyanines show not only a very large two-photon cross-section of up to 5130 GM at 910 nm in aqueous medium for high-contrast and -brightness two-photon fluorescence live cell imaging but also highly selective subcellular localization properties including localization of mitochondria and lysosomes.

An efficient, one-pot and metal-free process for the preparation of 3,5-disubstituted and 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles on multi-gram scale was developed. One-pot condensation of ketones, aldehydes and hydrazine monohydrochloride readily formed pyrazoline intermediates under mild conditions. Oxidation of pyrazolines, in situ, employing bromine afforded a wide variety of pyrazoles. The methodology offers a fast, and often chromatography-free protocol for the synthesis of 3,4,5-substituted pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Alternatively, a more benign oxidation protocol affords 3,5-disubstituted or 3,4,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles by simply heating pyrazolines in DMSO under oxygen.

The mitochondrial FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (FAD-GPDH), recently reported in plants, has been detailed in yeast and animal systems. It oxidizes glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) on the outer surface of mitochondrial inner membrane. A cDNA encoding the Dunaliella salina mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (DsFAD-GPDH) has been cloned and sequenced. The full length cDNA is 2791 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 650 predicted amino acids, which show strong homology to reported FAD-GPDHs and have an apparent mitochondrial targeting sequence in the N-terminal. The sequence has been submitted to the GenBank database under Accession No. DQ916107. Results of Real-Time Quantitative PCR and enzymatic assays show that expression of DsFAD-GPDH is enhanced at first by salt treatment, and repressed by oxygen deficiency and cold stress.

A well-defined nanofibrous structure with lengths of several hundred nanometers and cross-sectional width of a single size (∼6 ± 0.5 nm) was self-assembled by oligoadenines, dA(20), and thymine-appended distyrylbenzene through binary complementary A-T hydrogen bond formation and the strong π-π stacking interactions. This demonstrated a useful supramolecular self-assembling approach to control the packing order of π-conjugated molecules and provided a practical means to enhance the optical properties of a material.

Aggregation ausgeschlossen: Carbazol‐basierte Cyaninfluorophore binden selektiv an das Aβ(1–40)‐Peptid und dessen Aggregate, die zur Entstehung der Alzheimer‐Krankheit führen. Ein solcher Fluorophor, SLOH, hemmt wirksam die Bildung von Aβ(1–40)‐Fibrillen (siehe Schema); da er die Blut‐Hirn‐Schranke passieren kann, ist er ein potenzielles Alzheimer‐Therapeutikum.

Photoirradiation of vinylcyclopropenes in a Pyrex tube provides 1-isopropylidene-3,8a-diphenyl-1,8a-dihydroazulene derivatives in moderate to good yields within 4.5-14 h. A plausible mechanism has been discussed for the formation of these interesting products.