No abstract

Oxide semiconductors have drawn much attention in recent years due to their outstanding electrical performance, such as relatively high carrier mobility, good uniformity, low process temperature, optical transparency, low cost and especially flexibility. Flexible oxide-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are one of the hottest research topics for next-generation displays, radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and integrated circuits in the wearable field. The carrier transport mechanism of oxide semiconductor materials and typical device configurations of TFTs are firstly described in this invited review. Then, we describe the research progress on flexible oxide-based TFTs, including representative TFTs fabricated on different kinds of flexible substrates, the mechanical stress effect on TFTs and optimized methods to reduce this effect. Finally, an outlook for the future development of oxide-based TFTs is given.

As one of the most promising technologies for next-generation lighting and displays, white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have received enormous worldwide interest due to their outstanding properties, including high efficiency, bright luminance, wide viewing angle, fast switching, lower power consumption, ultralight and ultrathin characteristics, and flexibility. In this invited review, the main parameters which are used to characterize the performance of WOLEDs are introduced. Subsequently, the state-of-the-art strategies to achieve high-performance WOLEDs in recent years are summarized. Specifically, the manipulation of charges and excitons distribution in the four types of WOLEDs (fluorescent WOLEDs, phosphorescent WOLEDs, thermally activated delayed fluorescent WOLEDs, and fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid WOLEDs) are comprehensively highlighted. Moreover, doping-free WOLEDs are described. Finally, issues and ways to further enhance the performance of WOLEDs are briefly clarified.

With the increasing of coal mining depth, the mining conditions are deteriorating, and dynamic hazard is becoming more likely to happen. This paper analyzes the relations and differences between rockburst in the coal mine and rockburst in the metal mine. It divides coal mine rockburst into two types including static loading type during roadway excavation process and dynamic loading type during mining face advancing. It proposes the correlation between the formation process of rockburst and the evolution of overlying strata spatial structure of the stope, criterion of rockburst occurrence, new classification, and predictive evaluation method for rockburst hazard that rockburst damage evaluation (RDE) = released energy capacity (REC)/absorbed energy capacity (AEC). Based on the relationship between RDE value and its corresponding level of rockburst hazard, the rockburst hazard can be divided into five types and evaluation index of each type can be achieved. Then the ongoing rockburst damage level can be classified in one of the five types, and the relative parameters, such as hazard extent, controlling measures also can be achieved. This new quantitative method could not only assess the impacting direction of rockburst occurrence, but also verify the effect of preventive measures for rockburst.

The development of a regio- and stereoselective deoxyfluorination process for the manufacture of belzutifan (MK-6482) was challenging because of a combination of particular reaction and engineering sensitivities. These aspects were addressed through a series of mechanistic, range-finding, and mixing studies that enabled a robust process to be established. In particular, mixing studies led to the discovery of a second phase of perfluoro-1-butanesulfonyl fluoride in the reaction at cryogenic temperature, requiring the liquid–liquid dispersion to be controlled sufficiently to minimize the formation of side products. The changes implemented as a result of these investigations culminated in a process executed successfully on the pilot and commercial scales.

Two new peptides, stylissamides G and H, were isolated from extracts of a sample of Stylissa caribica collected in deep waters of the Caribbean Sea. A single sample of S. caribica among a collection of 10 samples that were examined by LC-MS appeared to be a different chemotype from the others in that it lacked the familiar pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloids, stevensine and oroidin, and contained peptides of the stylissamide class. The structures of the title compounds were solved by integrated analysis of the MS and NMR spectra and chemical degradation. The solution conformation of stylissamide G was briefly examined by electronic circular dichroism and temperature-dependent 1H NMR chemical shifts of amide NH signals, which supported a conformationally rigid macrocycle.

Here we report the fluorination–dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process for the commercial supply of belzutifan (MK-6482). Key process safety and robustness issues in the Selectfluor fluorination reaction were identified and addressed on the basis of increased mechanistic understanding. Aggressive process optimization enabled a single-pot direct isolation process that allowed delivery of the fluorodiol product with low process mass intensity.

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a composite aircraft wing structure modeled by a geometrically nonlinear anisotropic thin-walled beam in the presence of simultaneous 1:2 internal and 1:1 external resonances are investigated. Some prominent non-classical effects such as of transverse shear strain, warping inhibition, and three-dimensional strain are considered in the beam model. Moreover, circumferentially asymmetric stiffness lay-up configuration is adapted to generate the transverse bending-twisting elastic coupling. The solution methodology is based on the Extended Galerkin’s Method, and the method of multiple scales is applied to the system in order to obtain the equations of amplitude and modulation. Steady-state solutions and their stability are investigated. The peculiarity of the internal resonances and the conditions for saturation and jump phenomenon during the modal interactions are discussed and the commercial code ABAQUS is used to validate the theoretical results we have obtained. Finally, the prominent features of modal interactions in composite thin-walled beam structures are summarized and pertinent suggestions concerning safe design of the wing structures are given