Photoresponsive ligands are powerful
tool compounds for studying
receptor function with spatiotemporal resolution. However, to the
best of our knowledge, such a ligand is not available for the ryanodine
receptor (RyR). Herein, we present a photochromic ligand (PCL) for
insect RyR by decorating chlorantraniliprole (CHL) with photoswitchable
azobenzene (AB). We demonstrated that one potent ligand, named ABCHL13,
shows light-induced reversible trans–cis isomerization and
3.5-fold insecticidal activity decrease toward oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) after UV-light irradiation, that
is, trans-ABCH13 has higher activity than the cis-ABCH13. ABCHL13 enables optical control over intracellular
Ca2+ release in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons of M. separata and American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and cardiac function of P. americana. Our results provide a first photopharmacological
toolkit that is applicable to light-dependent regulation of RyR and
heart beating.
An acidic mucilage was isolated from the outer-layer seed coat of shaddock (Citrus grandis Osbeck) by water extraction at room temperature, and purified by DE-52 anion-exchange chromatography using 0.26 0.37 M NaCl. This purified mucilage was almost entirely composed of galacturonic acid residues. Glycosyl-linkage analysis showed that the backbone was 14 linked. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis and determination of the degree of methylation further revealed that the mucilage was a low-degree (11.94%) esterified homogalacturonan. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the major molecular weight distribution of 610.9 kDa.
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