The effect of three kinds of anti-site disorder to electronic structure and magnetic properties of the LiMgPdSb-type CoMnTiSi alloy are investigated. It was found the Mn-Ti anti-site disorder can induce the diluted magnetism in CoMnTiSi matrix. The magnetic structure has an oscillation between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with the different degree of Mn-Ti anti-site disorder. Two novel characteristics: the diluted antiferromagnetic half-metallicity and the diluted zero-gap half-metallity are found in the different degree range of the Mn-Ti anti-site disorder. The Co-Mn and Co-Ti anti-site disorder have little effect on the magnetic properties. The width of energy gap and the intensity of DOS at the Fermi level can be adjusted by the degree of Co-Mn or Co-Ti anti-site disorder. The independent control to the carrier concentration and magnetization can be realized by introducing the different anti-site disorder.
composite powders were deposited onto steel substrate by plasma spraying. The state (temperature and velocity) of the Al-Fe 2 O 3 composite powders in plasma flame and the formation mechanism of the nanostructured coating were investigated and analysed. The maximum temperature and velocity of the composite particles in plasma flame were 3274?5uC and 179 m s 21 respectively. FeAl 2 O 4 , Fe and Al 2 O 3 multiphase composite coatings were formed, which presented a microstructure with a number of spherical Fe and Al 2 O 3 nanosized grains embedded within the equiaxed and columnar FeAl 2 O 4 nanograin matrix. The formation process of the nanocrystalline composite coating prepared by plasma spraying can be described as follows. When smaller size droplets spread on the substrate, they were quickly chilled to form nanosized equiaxed grains. Nanosized equiaxed and columnar grains were formed in the larger size spreading droplets due to the high chilling, large undercooling and non-equilibrium directional solidification of the ceramic melt.
ABSTRACT. To understand the beneficial and harmful bio-effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, we studied the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway based on the Huang-Ferrell model. The sensitivity analysis method was used to study the influence of the model parameters on the activity of ERK, and to further investigate the key biochemical reactions and proteins. The results of the simulation show that an increase in the reaction rate of MAPK/ERK kinase had little effect on ERK activation and the steady-state molecular number. However, a decrease in the reaction rate of MAPK/ERK kinase significantly affected the trigger time of ERK activation and decreased the steady-state molecular number. Together with the biological significance of ERK activity, our findings indicate that the effects of electromagnetic fields are a result of the decrease in the reaction rate of MAPK/ERK kinase, which eventually determines whether these effects cause physical damage or are beneficial in treatment.
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