A new idea for studying the ability for computer to bear and process viruses after suffering from the intrusion of the viruses was discussed in this paper. This ability was named intrusion tolerance. Starting from the intrusions, capturing the behavioral characteristics and dynamically adopting different strategies enable the system to continue to provide security services. In the mean time, applying artificial intelligence to intrusion tolerant system can adaptively adjust and learn according to the extent of damage caused by attack. Establishing behavioral database was proposed for the first time. This method can avoid updating a large number of virus database frequently, realize the coordinative detection and early warning among the different servers and further improves the ability for computer to prevent and process the viruses.
Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is a newly noise-assisted analysis method ,is proposed to eliminating mode mixing present in the original EMD, which has been proved quite effective in the bearing fault diagnosis.But when the Signal-to-Noise(SNR) of the vibration signal is low, it hardly extracts the fault information.Worse more,mode mixing appear frequently when EMD is applied to the vibration signals collected in real life.To improve the accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis, a new method based on redundant second generation wavelet denoising and EEMD is proposed in this paper.Simulated signals demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method in extracting characteristic frequency from a vibration signal with low SNR. Finally, the new method is applied to diagnosing a bearing with fault , and the result proves that the new method is effective in bearing fault diagnosis.
Background
There are discrepancies in the understanding of the structure of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ); this study aims to investigate the differences with previous anatomical reports of high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analysis in illustrating the structure of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first MTPJ.
Methods
Nine fresh frozen cadaveric feet specimens (from two women and three men; aged 32 to 58 years) were used in this study. All specimens underwent MR examination with T1-weighted imaging and T2-weighted spectral attenuated inversion recovery in three planes. Subsequently, all cadaveric feet specimens were sliced into 2-mm-thick sections. The MRI features of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first MTPJ were analyzed in these specimens. Hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining methods were used to explore the histologic features of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first MTPJ.
Results
Different from most previous studies, our results showed that the plantar plate could be divided into four portions including the central portion of the plantar plate, the intersesamoid, the sesamoid phalangeal and the metatarsosesamoid ligaments. The normal central portion of the plantar plate could be clearly visualized in the sagittal and coronal plane MR images. The intersesamoid ligament is a continuation of the central portion of the plantar plate on the sagittal plane on the gross specimen, the MR imaging, and the histological examination. On the coronal plane of the gross specimen and MR imaging, the sesamoid phalangeal ligaments and the central portion of the plantar plate can be seen as separate ligaments, but they appeared interwoven with the same continuous collagenous fibers on the histological analysis.
Conclusion
High-resolution 3T MRI allows accurate demonstration of the different anatomical details of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first MTPJ from previous anatomical reports. The histological analysis provides further understanding of the structures of the capsuloligamentous complex of the first MTPJ from previous studies.
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