BackgroundThe plant pathogenic fungus (such as Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporum and Cytospora mandshurica) causes devastating disease in agriculture. The pathogenic fungus is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. In order to discover new fungicidal molecule with good fungicidal activity against G. zeae, F. oxysporum, and C. mandshurica, we sought to combine the active sub-structure of hydrazone and pyrazole amide derivatives together to design and synthesize novel pyrazole amide derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety.ResultsA series of novel pyrazole amide derivatives bearing hydrazone moiety were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The preliminary biological assays revealed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibit favorable antifungal activities against G. zeae. The activity of compounds 7a, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7l and 7q were 40.82%, 47.78%, 50.32%, 40.82%, 49.05%, 48.73%, 40.19% and 45.89%, respectively, and the synthesized compounds showed certain antifungal activities against F. oxysporum and C.mandshurica.ConclusionA practical synthetic route to pyrazole amide derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety were synthesized by the condensation of intermediates 5-chloro-N-(4-subsititued-2-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-6-methylphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide with different aldehydes or ketones in ethanol at room temperature is presented, the results of the study suggested that the pyrazole amide derivatives containing hydrazone moieties could inhibit the growth of G. zeae, F. oxysporium and C. mandshurica to a certain extent.

Five 3-formyl-2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, including three new compounds (1-3) and two known analogues (4-5), were identified from the 95% EtOH extract of Itea yunnanensis. Extensive spectroscopic analyses were performed for the structure elucidation of all new benzofurans, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses were further employed for the structure verification of iteafuranals C (1) and D (2). In MTT assay, iteafuranal E (3) and iteafuranal A (4) displayed significant growth inhibition effect on SK-Hep-1 cells with IC 50 values of 5.365 μM and 6.013 μM, respectively.The colony formation assay of 3 and 4 further confirmed their remarkable inhibitory effect on cell growth. Preliminary mechanism study demonstrated that 3 remarkably down-regulated the phosphorylation level of ERK, which suggested 3 could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis of SK-Hep-1 cells by blocking RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. This study highlighted the potential of 3-fomyl-2-benzofuran derivatives as novel lead compounds to treat Hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Abstract-IEEE802.11 wireless wireless networks have security issues that are vulnerable to a variety of attacks. Due to using radio to transport data, attackers can bypass firewalls, sniff sensitive information, intercept packets and send malicious packets. Security auditing and penetration testing is expected to ensure wireless networks security. The contributions of this work are analyzed the vulnerability and types of attacks pertaining to IEEE 802.11 WLAN, performed well known attacks in a laboratory environment to conduct penetration tests to confirm whether our wireless network is hackable or not. WAIDPS is configured as auditing tool to view wireless attacks, such as WEP/WPA/WPA2 cracking, rouge access points, denial of service attack. WAIDPS is designed to detect wireless intrusion with additional features. Penetration testing and auditing will mitigate the risk and threatening to protect WALN.

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We propose a new convergence potential indicator for standard growth convergence regressions: the global value chain (GVC) position index, measured by the contribution of high-skilled labour in total domestic value added. Our convergence indicator can avoid the lagged dependent variable problem discussed in Barro (2015 and2016) and deliver more accurate forecasts for China's GDP growth than GDP per capita does. Using the GVC position index, we predict that China's growth potential remains at 7-8% between 2010 and 2015, while the predictions using GDP per capita as the convergence potential indicator are much lower.

Abstract. The emergence of wireless communication technologies such as Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) has promoted the evolution of collision warning from simple ranging-sensor-based systems to cooperative systems. In cooperative systems, path prediction is a promising method for reflecting a driver's intention and estimating the future position of vehicles. In this study, a short-term trajectory-modelling method is proposed to predict vehicle motion behaviour in the cooperative vehicular environment. In addition, a collision detection algorithm for winding roads is presented based on a model for determining the minimum distance of vehicles' future trajectories. The cooperative collision avoidance system's performance is analysed through simulation, providing useful theoretical insights into the effects of DSRC technology on vehicle collision avoidance in a curved road environment.

A series of cis- and trans-isomers of hydrazone derivatives were separated and analyzed through HPLC with diode-array detection and HPLC-MS/MS using ESI and ion trap MS. Two single crystals (A-5-1 and C-2-1) of the trans-isomers were obtained and determined using X-ray crystallography data, and the cis- to trans-isomerization under different conditions was discussed. Both of the cis- and trans-isomers of A-4 and A-5 exhibited good insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella.