In this paper, we present a thermally measurable contact and noncontact-type thermoelectric sensor using a silicon-oninsulator (SOI) structure, because single-crystal silicon has a higher Seebeck coefficient than any other thermoelectric material. The sensor was designed to have 17 pairs of n-and p-type single-crystal silicon strips and a selective absorption area (SAA) that consists of aluminum and silicon dioxide. The thermoelectric sensor based on the SOI structure was fabricated and measured using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The measured sensitivity of the sensor was 0.19 mV/ C, when human skin directly touched the sensor surface. In the noncontact measurement of the sensor while varying the distance between the lamp (EFD10EL/8, NEC) and the sensor, the maximum electromotive force (EMF) of the sensor was À1:55 mV at a 2 mm (6.09 mW) distance.
The wireless smart sensors have been proposed not only for high-risk and chronically ill patients but also in the healthcare field. The radio frequency (RF) transmitter is necessary to fabricate wireless smart sensors. This paper presents a proposal of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) RF transmitter using pulse width modulation (PWM) method. The major advantage of the PWM is a performance with low consumption power. In this paper, we designed and simulated the circuitry for the transmitter. The proposed transmitter consists of pulse width modulator, oscillator and on-chip antenna. With the transmitter using PWM method, it will be possible that wireless smart sensor perform with lower power consumption than the RF transmitter using conventional ring oscillator.
To improve the operation lifetime of organic solar cell, two different diphenylacetylene polymers were tested as UV blocking layer. One of them showed either stronger UV absorption or a relatively intense fluorescence emission in the visible region which is well overlapped with the absorption of P3HT in the OSC. The diphenylacetylene polymer film significantly improved the operation lifetime of the OSC by efficiently absorbing the UV light, while reducing the UV-light energy loss to a minimum by converting the UV light to visible light through a down-conversion process.
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