Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. Patients with predominant parkinsonian features are defined as MSA-P, which is similar to Parkinson's disease (PD), except that they are not well responsive to levodopa. Based on the facts that there is no effective treatment for MSA-P .
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