Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of semen collection into tubes containing extender supplemented with BSA on the cryosurvival of goat spermatozoa. Semen was collected from two goats into empty tubes or tubes containing 10 ml extender supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, or 5% BSA, and the washed spermatozoa were frozen as pellets in egg yolk-trehalose extender with the addition of 0.04% SDS and 4% glycerol. Sperm motion parameters were evaluated after postthawing and during a thermal resistance test. The acrosome status of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was also observed using FITC-PNA staining. In frozen semen that was collected into tubes containing extender supplemented with 5% BSA, the post-thawed spermatozoa exhibited a significant improvement in motion parameters and maintained high motility throughout incubation and acrosome integrity, as compared with semen collected into tubes containing extender supplemented with lower concentrations of BSA. In conclusion, semen collection into tubes with a large volume of extender containing high concentrations of BSA dramatically improves the motility and acrosome integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. This suggests that the in vitro functional freezability of spermatozoa is abruptly modified by reducing contact with seminal plasma and by flash contact with BSA at ejaculation.
Rationale: Anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (anti-GABAB R) encephalitis is clinically characterized by seizures, cognitive disorders, and behavioral changes. Most patients are diagnosed with small-cell lung carcinoma. Patient concerns: The patient suffered from a repeated grand mal seizure lasting for 10 minutes, intermittent speech vagueness, manic at night, and mental disorder. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. The gamma-aminobutyric-acid B(GABAB) receptor antibody test result was positive. After a bronchoscopic biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with small-cell lung carcinoma. Interventions: The patient was administered with intravenous immunoglobulin and Methylprednisolone. Etoposide was used after the small-cell lung carcinoma was diagnosed. Outcomes: After immunotherapy, following the 4 months of Etoposide and antiseizure treatment, the neurology examination revealed a remarkable improvement. MRS score reduced from 5 to 1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recovered to normal from an extreme delta brush (EDB) electroencephalographic-pattern. Conclusion: Immunotherapy and Etoposide can improve the outcome of severe anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis with small-cell lung carcinoma. After immunotherapy and antineoplastic therapy, Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be recovered to normal from an extreme delta brush.
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that often causes a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms; but with a relatively low recurrence rate. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis may occur with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) encephalitis simultaneously or followed by anti-MOG encephalitis after several months. Case presentation We presented a case of recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis followed by anti-MOG encephalitis. A 39-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with five episodes of convulsive seizures, psychoses and memory deficits. With a positive Anti-NMDAR antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), after being treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) 22.5 g/day for 7 days, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) 500 mg/day for 4 days, and followed by IVMP 250 mg/day for 3 days, the patient was recovered completely. After 1 month, the patient developed disturbances of consciousness, speech difficulties and convulsions. With the positive result of Anti-NMDAR antibodies in the CSF again, we confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The patient was then fully recovered after treatment with IVIG, IVMP and rituximab. Six months later, the patient was readmitted to the hospital with occasional convulsions. With a positive serum MOG antibody and a lesion in the right brainstem by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the patient was confirmed for anti-MOG encephalitis. The patient was fully recovered again after treatment with IVMP and rituximab, with no neurological sequels remained. Conclusion Patients with positive MOG antibodies are more likely to have brainstem MRI lesions than those with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Rituximab is recommended for recurrent anti-NMDAR and anti-MOG encephalitis.
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