The
continuous detection of glucose is significant for revealing
its role in neuron protection and for diagnosis of various diseases.
In this study, for the first time, a nonenzymatic online optical detection
platform (OODP) for glucose measurement in rat brain utilizing the
tandem enzyme activity of V2O5 nanobelts is
developed. V2O5 nanobelts were synthesized via
a facile solvothermal strategy, and for the first time it is found
that the V2O5 nanobelts possess dual enzyme-like
activity, i.e., glucose oxidase (GOx)-like and peroxidase-like activity,
and can act as a “tandem nanozyme”. To investigate the
mechanisms of the GOx-like property, we built an adsorption model,
and the RPBE density functional calculations indicate that the glucose
molecule can be adsorbed on the V2O5 plane.
Based on the ability of V2O5 nanobelts to mimick
tandem enzymes, a nonenzymatic online optical detection platform (OODP)
for the continuous monitoring of glucose in rat brain was designed,
which exhibits excellent stability, high selectivity, and a wide linear
detection range from 0.2 to 5 mM and records cerebral glucose alterations
in the calm/ischemia model. This facile but reliable nonenzymatic
online optical glucose measurement compares favorably with natural
enzyme-based online electrochemical glucose analytical systems, and
its ready adoption by physiologists and pathologists will facilitate
the understanding of brain function and the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Testing a hypothesis for high-dimensional regression coefficients is of fundamental importance in the statistical theory and applications. In this paper, we develop a new test for the overall significance of coefficients in highdimensional linear regression models based on an estimated U-statistics of order two. With the aid of the martingale central limit theorem, we prove that the asymptotic distributions of the proposed test are normal under two different distribution assumptions. Refitted cross-validation (RCV) variance estimation is utilized to avoid the overestimation of the variance and enhance the empirical power. We examine the finite-sample performances of the proposed test via Monte Carlo simulations, which show that the new test based on the RCV estimator achieves higher powers, especially for the sparse cases. We also demonstrate an application by an empirical analysis of a microarray data set on Yorkshire gilts.
Synthetic investigation of the systematic replacement of alkoxy groups in pillar[5]arene by cyano ones was carried out. Host–guest property studies of nCN-pillar[5]arenes and 1,4-dicyanobutane showed the functionization number related host–guest interaction varieties.
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