This paper is the culmination of efforts by a group of participants at the 32 nd Annual American Real Estate Society Conference in Denver who met to discuss the future of real estate education, and its authors represent the diversity and breadth reflective of the field itself. Previous literature, spanning more than 50 years, has consistently maintained that the issues related to the study of real estate are too complex to easily resolve, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding an accepted body of knowledge. This paper is unique in that it not only identifies issues and challenges inherent in today's academic climate, it also provides for a collection of options, both applied and aspirational, that build on existing and potential structures. Indeed, the authors do not believe that there is one best model for the future of real estate education, nor that we should expect there to be. Rather, this paper is an important addition to the existing body of literature for its identification of solutions that embrace the breadth of both practical and academic knowledge in the expansive and ever-evolving field of real estate.
Abstract-In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that uses periodic end-end probes to identify whether a "dominant congested link" exists along an end-end path. Informally, a dominant congested link refers to a link that incurs the most losses and significant queuing delays along the path. We begin by providing a formal yet intuitive definition of dominant congested link and present two simple hypothesis tests to identify whether such a link exists. We then present a novel model-based approach for dominant congested link identification that is based on interpreting probe loss as an unobserved (virtual) delay. We develop parameter inference algorithms for hidden Markov model (HMM) and Markov model with a hidden dimension (MMHD) to infer this virtual delay. Our validation using ns simulation and Internet experiments demonstrate that this approach can correctly identify a dominant congested link with only a small amount of probe data. We further provide an upper bound on the maximum queuing delay of the dominant congested link once we identify that such a link exists.
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