Climate anomaly phenomena are increasing in frequency and duration along with the occurance of global warming phenomena. El Nino and La Nina climate anomalies have a direct impact on agriculture. This study aims to analyze the occurrence of extreme climate phenomena El Nino and La Nina in 2012-2022 in Indonesia and their impact on rainfall in South Sumatera Province which is one of the centers of oil palm plantations. The research was conducted by identifying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific Ocean and classifying them into El Nino and La Nina strength levels or normal conditions. Based on the sea surface temperature anomaly, it is known that Indonesia experienced strong El Nino events in 2014-2015 and weak El Nino in 2019. El Nino causes a prolonged dry season and decreases the amount of rainfall. The La Nina phenomenon occurs in 2020-2022 with weak to moderate strength. La Nina causes a prolonged rainy season and an increase in the amount of rainfall. Normal conditions occurred in 2013, 2016, 2017 and 2018 which were marked by sst anomalies of not more than +0.5°C and -0.5 °C. During normal conditions, South Sumatra Province has an annual rainfall of 2,500 mm, rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, and dry months are less than 3 months that suitable for oil palm cultivation. In the last 10 years, Indonesia has experienced the El Nino and La Nina climate anomalies with increasing frequency, duration, and level of strength.
La Nina is a climate anomaly that can cause extreme weather. La Nina is marked by a decrease in the sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean at the equator. La Nina can cause a prolonged rainy season for Asia including Indonesia. From mid-2020 to the end of 2022, Indonesia has experienced La Nina events. This study aims to determine changes in rainfall patterns and the number of rainy days during La Nina events. This research was conducted descriptively, using Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) data and rain data originating from the BMKG Climatology Station of Sultan Syarif Kasim II Pekanbaru from data for the last 10 years 2013-2022. The results of the study show that La Nina occurred from October 2020 to December 2022 with a weak to moderate level of La Nina strength. La Nina has increased the amount of rainfall 54-90% from normal conditions and increased the number of rainy days 11-70% compared to climate with normal conditions. Monthly rainfall is in the low to high category, while daily rainfall is included in the heavy rain category. The La Nina event has caused a prolonged rainy season for almost 3 years and has increased the amount of rainfall and rainy days.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.