The objective of this study is to delve further the Malaysia's Employees Provident Fund (EPF) scheme by exploring the perceptions of 300 existing and prospective retirees in total on the existing EPF system that provides them with the adequacy of incomes in retirement. By employing the logistic model in this study, the perceptions of 250 retirees and 50 currently working employees, in particular, were evaluated as part of the overall assessment on the strategic pathway of the EPF system towards becoming the reliable financial security guarantor for elderly workers. Among others, there are relatively similar results regarding key factors to have substantial effects on the retirement income adequacy being prevailed in the cases of existing retirees and prospective retirees. Key factors namely the number of dependent persons, averaged non-EPF savings, housing loan, car loan and medical expense are found to be negatively related to retirement income adequacy. Therefore, necessary improvements on the existing EPF scheme need to be implemented so that the provision on accumulated financial resources of both existing and prospective retirees aimed at ascertaining appropriate adequacy levels in retirement incomes can be monitored in a timely manner.
This study aims to examine the characteristics that are possessed by resilient people, guided by two main research questions that were asked to understand further about the situation which are (i) characteristics of resilience, and (ii) factors that contribute to resilience. Data was collected through face-to-face interview and written response. A total of three people were involved as participants by using convenient sampling. Interview transcripts and written responses were coded, analysed, and the emerging key themes were discussed. The analysis suggested that resilient people possessed characteristics such as having a positive outlook, endurance, determination, resourcefulness, and spiritual belief in overcoming problems or obstacles in life. Having these characteristics allows individuals to persevere and contribute to their resilience. In addition, the results found that factors that contributed towards resilience are early experience, better life, goals, mindfulness and social support. This study provides an insight on how resilient people act and carry themselves to overcome adversities. It is hoped that the qualitative outcome of this study will help people, especially educators and parents to gradually build these characteristics in young people to help them to become a resilience person, despite all the struggles in life.
This study examines how the use of information gap tasks in an English language classroom promoted the use of wh-questions among learners and increased interaction among learners. Literature shows that there is a tendency for language teachers to control the patterns of classroom communication as well as control talk in the classroom, thus limiting interaction and talk among learners. In second language acquisition, learners need to interact in the target language as studies show that learners need to learn to talk and also talk to learn (Tsui, 1995; 2017). Questioning is an important pathway for learners to learn as well as create a talk to acquire language. This paper examines the use of information gap tasks to encourage and promote interaction via wh-questions among learners in a primary vernacular public school in Malaysia. The study adopts a mixed method approach to datacollection where pre-and post-tests were used to analyze the effects of information-gap tasks on wh-questions use. Interaction analysis was also done to examine how learners from different levels of proficiency interacted during the information-gap tasks. The findings of this study revealed that the use of information-gap tasks improved the learners’ use of interrogative pronouns in terms of constructing questions to obtain their desired answers as well as encouraging interactions. Information-gap tasks are suitable tasks and tools to be used in the language classroom to encourage talk and interaction amongst learners to aid language development.
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