Process control and optimization is important in ensuring a process in sustaining profitable income while maintaining the required quality. The fermentation process has attracted attention from food processing, pharmaceutical energy, and waste treatment industries due to its lower impact on the environment and lower operating cost than the conventional chemical process. However, its control and monitoring are relatively complex as living cell activity is not easily comprehended and highly nonlinear. Various control techniques applied in the fermentation process are reviewed, including a summary of the control objective, manipulated and controlled variables chosen, and their strengths and limitations in determining the optimal fermentation process.

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Thermal runaway of exothermic reaction, especially with batch chemical plants, is a critical issue because it can affect production quantity and quality, causes profit loss, and in worst case can threaten the safety of workers and lead to plant accident. The conventional PID controller which is usually used in many industries needs to be operated under supervision in order to perform the temperature control well. In this work, Mamdani type fuzzy logic controller is proposed to track an optimal reference temperature profile. Both process model and proposed controller are simulated using MATLAB. The results show the designed fuzzy logic controller is well-performed in set point tracking and able to cope with the simulated disturbance condition.