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A novel method for the continual, cuff-less estimation of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values based on signal complexity analysis of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is reported. The proposed framework estimates the blood pressure (BP) values obtained from signals generated from 14 volunteers subjected to a series of exercise routines. Herein, the physiological signals were first pre-processed, followed by the extraction of complexity features from both the PPG and ECG. Subsequently the complexity features were used in regression models (artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and LASSO) to predict the BP. The performance of the approach was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) and the standard deviation (STD) of the predicted results and compared with the recommendations made by the British Hypertension Society (BHS) and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). Complexity features from the ECG and PPG were investigated independently, along with the combined dataset. It was observed that the complexity features obtained from the combination of ECG and PPG signals resulted to an improved estimation accuracy for the BP. The most accurate DBP result of 5.15 ± 6.46 mmHg was obtained from ANN model, and SVM generated the most accurate prediction for the SBP which was estimated as 7.33 ± 9.53 mmHg. Results for DBP fall within recommended performance of the BHS but SBP is outside the range. Although initial results are promising, further improvements are required before the potential of this approach is fully realised.

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Blood pressure measurement is a significant part of preventive healthcare and has been widely used in clinical risk and disease management. However, conventional measurement does not provide continuous monitoring and sometimes is inconvenient with a cuff. In addition to the traditional cuff-based blood pressure measurement methods, some researchers have developed various cuff-less and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring methods based on Pulse Transit Time (PTT). Some emerging methods have employed features of either photoplethysmogram (PPG) or electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, although no studies to our knowledge have employed the combined features from both PPG and ECG signals. Therefore this study aims to investigate the performance of a predictive, machine learning blood pressure monitoring system using both PPG and ECG signals. It validates that the employment of the combination of PPG and ECG signals has improved the accuracy of the blood pressure estimation, compared with previously reported results based on PPG signal only.

The needs of centralized control system has been long identified in office and industry application. Nevertheless, the same concept can be extended to home application in which a residence can control certain object through a centralized control system. Thus, a wireless appliance control system for home is proposed in this paper. It makes use of the computer as digital control and monitoring system to control the entire appliance within a house. The system includes a computer as the control centre, RF transmitter and receiver, encoder and decoder in order to send the signal from user to a specific appliance. Visual Basic (VB) software has been chosen as the control interface between the user and the rest of the system to reach the specific object. VB provides not only neat interface but also a simple programming to communicate with the rest of the component block.

Abstract-Photo-catalysis process needs electron transfer to make reaction happen. In this study we want to propose a material that can make the HeLa cells lysis which is titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). This paper focus on the growth of rutile phased TiO 2 nanoflowers on FTO substrate for HeLa cells treatment. The surface morphology will be characterized under FESEM and XRD while UV-vis for its optical property. The TiO 2 is fabricated by using hydrothermal method. FESEM analysis shows the size of TiO 2 nanoflowers are in range between 30 nm to 400 nm. The surface topography can be able to give data about its grain size and roughness. The TiO 2 nanoflowers sample are confirm in rutile phase mostly at lattice plane (110). By do studying on the TiO 2 characteristic, we can say that as it is important factor to do HeLa cell treatment.

This paper explains on how to fabricate TiO2 on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The properties of FTO surface are electrically conductive, stable under atmosphere condition, chemically inert, mechanically hard, high temperature resistance and high tolerance to physical abrasion. This study focuses on growing titanium dioxide (TiO2) on FTO substrate. TiO2 is deposited onto FTO via hydrothermal method using hydrochloric acid (HCl), de-ionized water and titanium butoxide (TBOT) as precursor. The analyses are done on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The TiO2 grow on FTO substrate is showing uniformity and efficiency to be applied later in application of dye synthesis solar cells. Thus TiO2 can absorb the light and spread the electrons faster to produce electricity.

This study demonstrates the fabrication of nanostructured FTO by hydrothermal method. It was directly synthesized on FTO glass substrate by using pentahydrated stannic chloride (SnCl4.5H2O) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as precursors. Different synthesis time was applied which were 5h, 10h and 24h. The characteristics of nanostructured FTO were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), two-point probe current-voltage test and ultraviolet visible spectrometer (UV-Vis). The FESEM images revealed the growth of nanosized particles layer on the FTO substrate. The electrical properties studied have shown a degeneration of conductivity as the thickness of nanostructured layer increased. UV-Vis results showed the decrement of transmittance as the time duration increased. It was revealed through FESEM characterization that the nanostructured FTO can be improved by using dibutyltin diacetate (DBTA) as a precursor.