Adverse effect of the highly biorecalcitrant compound phenol to the environment is well established and its concentrations in industrial effluents vary greatly from 2.8 to 6,800 mg/l depending on the source. Fenton process effectively mineralises to CO 2 and H 2 O but reported works consumed more reagents and require longer reaction times. Due to the strong interaction between the several predictor variables in the Fenton oxidation, response surface methodology was used to optimise the mineralization treatment. Efficient, faster and economical operating conditions for phenol removal were explored by investigating four parameters namely the concentration ratio of hydrogen peroxide to phenol - ((H 2 O ], respectively. The soluble iron content of the analysed supernatant was found to be below the 15 mg/l (the maximum limit allowable for total iron discharges required by common regulative subscribed). This indicated that, the Fenton reagents were utilised during the peroxidation reaction evident from the almost near consumption of all Fe 2+ introduced in about 85% of the samples, thus, negating the need for immobilising the Fe 2+ catalyst or its removal by post treatment. The work proves that the optimized Fenton process can be potentially used for treatment of any phenol containing wastewater.
New composites based on polypropylene as polymer matrix reinforced rice husk have been developed. The improvement of mechanical and thermal properties can be achieved by the addition of inorganic filler namely titanium dioxide (TiO ). In this work, two series of composites formulation of polypropylene reinforced rice husk with and without TiO incorporation were prepared. The composite was firstly melt compounding with a twin screw extruder and then were injection molded. Mechanical tests were applied to obtain tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation at break. Morphology of fractured surface of the composites also was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope as well as thermal properties was analyzed by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results showed that the composites with an inclusion of inorganic filler TiO gave better mechanical properties than the composites without inclusion of TiO and pure PP. The maximum value of tensile strength which was 41.2 MPa represented by the composites formulation of PP/RH-10 wt%/TiO . Generally, Young's modulus of PP/RH-40 wt%/TiO composites showed increment which was 1086.16 MPa and 635.48 MPa higher than that of pure PP and PP/RH. Elongation at break decreased in PP/RH/TiO as compared to PP/RH composites. Scanning electron Rice husk and its composites: Effects of rice husk loading, size, coupling agents, and surface treatment on composites' mechanical, physical, and functional properties
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