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This paper examines the impact of firm-specific factors on the size of indirect financial distress costs for Malaysia's financially distressed firms. The results provide an insight into the magnitude of the indirect financial distress costs and its determinants and perhaps are one of the first to provide empirical evidence on the determinants of indirect financial distress costs for Malaysia's financially distressed firms. The results show that the average indirect financial distress cost measured by capital discount is 0.56 % and varies considerably among firms. It also suggests that only two variables, assets intangibility and size, are statistically significant at the .01 significance level.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between microeconomic factors with credit risk among selected commercial banks in Malaysia. For this purpose, a sample of seven out of 27 commercial banks in Malaysia was selected and the microeconomic factors affecting credit risk with six measurements of return on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE) were examined by applying Panel Regression Fixed Effect (FE) Model for a period 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The scope of the study covers seven selected commercial banks in Malaysia namely: Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Public Bank Berhad and RHB Bank Berhad. This study is using credit risk proxy by non-performing loan for dependent variable while independent variables that have been selected were returned on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE). The findings of the study managed to reject the null hypothesis for return on asset, bank size, leverage, interest income and return on equity which indicates the five microeconomic variables give a significant relationship with credit risk. There are positive relationships between leverage, interest income and return on equity with credit risk while return on asset, bank size and ratio of capital are negatively related to credit risk. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between the ratio of capital and credit risk for commercial banks in Malaysia.

This paper provides useful insights on the determinants of macroeconomic variables on Islamic stock index evidence from frontier market. The aims of this study is to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables namely gross domestic product (GDP), inflation (consumer price index), exchange rate (USD exchange rate), oil price (crude palm oil) and money supply (M2) on frontier market Islamic index (FMII). This study employs Fixed Effect (FE) model of 17 countries listed under FMII. The study cover a ten (10) years period from 2008 until 2017. The study have shown significant relationship between inflation, money supply and exchange rate with FMII and managed to reject null hypotheses for the three variables. Inflation and exchange rate is negatively related with FMII while money supply, gross domestic product and oil price is positively related to FMII. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between gross domestic product and oil price with FMII. The findings of this study will provide better understanding on the frontier market and helps to improve their performance. Therefore, it can encourage countries in frontier market to be able to compete and achieve similar advancement as countries in developed and emerging market did.

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The aim of this paper is to provide a quantitative estimate of the indirect financial distress costs. This paper focuses on the Malaysian trading and services sector and concentrates only on measuring the financial distress costs in terms of changes in operating performance and changes in capital values. This study will contribute to the existing literature by providing an alternative proxy for indirect financial distress costs and perhaps the first paper to provide the quantitative estimate of the costs for Malaysia's financially distressed firms. Findings from our study suggest that indirect costs exist and are found to be between 3.1 and 21.39 %. In addition to that, this paper also provides an empirical support that the indirect financial distress costs increase and become apparent as the firms near financial distress.

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The rapid growth of internet users over the past few decades indicates a changing in the business model, in which previously the business only focuses on brick-and-mortar store whereas now, exists a need to add another store named as the e-commerce store. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce is one of the various types of e-commerce, which has turned into an influential key to business channel. In order to meet the demands of the current business model, numerous e-commerce websites have been developed. However, building an e-commerce website is not enough if it does not meet the customers’ expectation which influences the customers’ purchase intention. This study investigates the features of an e-commerce website that influences the customers’ purchase intention as well as the most important feature of an e-commerce website based on the customers’ perspective. The e-commerce website features that being investigated are website design, information quality, security and privacy which are gained from the literature review. The data is collected through an online survey which consists of 358 respondents who are familiar with purchasing on the e-commerce website. An expert system has been developed by using a fuzzy logic approach to determine which feature possesses the biggest influence on customers in order to perform purchasing on the e-commerce website. The results performed in the MATLAB software shows thatthe most significant feature in the e-commerce website is the information quality