We report the design and synthesis of a one-dimensional Dy(III) coordination polymer, comprised of sulfonate functionalized ligand 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (H2SQ) and Dy3+ ions, with hydrogen-bonded supramolecular 3D structure. Interestingly, the...
A one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer [Co(btca) 1/ 2 (mbpy)] n (1, mbpy = 4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl, H 4 btca = 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid) constructed by a mixed tetracarboxylic-dipyridyl ligand strategy with a ribbon topology was synthesized and magnetically characterized. Magnetic studies combined with theoretical calculations reveal large easy-axis magnetic anisotropy of the central Co(II) ions in a highly distorted five-coordination geometry. Interestingly, fieldinduced single-ion magnet (SIM) behavior was evidenced in the chain compound, making the cobalt(II) coordination ribbon to be the first five-coordinate SIM chain.
A molecular dysprosium(III) complex [Dy(DClQ)3(H2O)2] (1) was used as building unit for the construction of lanthanide SMMs, which has led to the isolation of two dinuclear Dy(III) complexes, namely [Dy2(DClQ)6(MeOH)2]...
BackgroundThe Swanson Nolan, and Pelham scale version IV (SNAP-IV) is the most critical tool for ADHD screening and diagnosis, which has two scoring methods. ADHD requires symptom assessment in multiple scenarios, and parent and teacher reports are indispensable for diagnosing ADHD. But the differences of assessment results from fathers, mothers and teachers, and the consistency of results from different scoring methods are unknown. Therefore, we carried out this study to understand the differences in the scores of fathers, mothers and teachers using SNAP-IV for children with ADHD and to explore the differences in scoring results under different scoring methods.MethodsThe SNAP-IV scale and Demographics Questionnaire and Familiarity Index were used to survey fathers, mothers and head teachers. Measurement data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (x ± s). The enumeration data were described by frequency and percentage. ANOVA was used to compare group differences in mothers’, fathers’, and teachers’ mean SNAP-IV scores. The Bonferroni method was used for post hoc multiple comparison tests. Cochran’s Q test was used to compare the differences in the abnormal rate of SNAP-IV score results of mothers, fathers and teachers. Dunn’s test was used for post hoc multiple comparison tests.ResultsThere were differences in scores among the three groups, and the differences showed inconsistent trends across the different subscales. Differences between groups were calculated again with familiarity as a control variable. The results showed the familiarity of parents and teachers with the patients did not affect the differences in their scores. The evaluation results were different under two assessment methods.ConclusionResults concluded that fathers did not appear to be an appropriate candidate for evaluation. When using the SNAP-V for assessment, it should be comprehensively considered from both the scorer and symptom dimensions.
BACKGROUND
Evidence indicates that Internet addiction (IA) is associated with depression, but longitudinal studies have rarely been reported, and no studies have yet investigated potential common vulnerability or a possible specific causal relationship between these disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To overcome these gaps, the present 12-month longitudinal study based on a large-sample employed a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) approach to investigate the potential common vulnerability and specific cross-causal relationships between IA and CSD (or depression).
METHODS
IA and clinically-significant depression (CSD) among 12 043 undergraduates were surveyed at baseline (as freshmen) and in follow-up after 12 months (as sophomores). Application of CLPM revealed two well-fitted design between IA and CSD, and between severities of IA and depression, adjusting for demographics.
RESULTS
Rates of baseline IA and CSD were 5.47% and 3.85%, respectively; increasing to 9.47% and 5.58%, respectively at follow-up. Among those with baseline IA and CSD, 44.61% and 34.48% remained stable at the time of the follow-up survey, respectively. Rates of new-incidences of IA and CSD over 12 months were 7.43% and 4.47%, respectively. Application of a cross-lagged panel model approach (CLPM, a discrete time structural equation model used primarily to assess causal relationships in real-world settings) revealed two well-fitted design between IA and CSD, and between severities of IA and depression, adjusting for demographics. Models revealed that baseline CSD (or depression severity) had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up IA (or IA severity), and baseline IA (or IA severity) had a significant net-predictive effect on follow-up CSD (or depression severity).
CONCLUSIONS
These correlational patterns using a CLPM indicate that both common vulnerability and bidirectional specific cross-causal effects between them may contribute to the association between IA and depression. As the path coefficients of the net-cross-predictive effects were significantly smaller than those of baseline to follow-up cross-section associations, vulnerability may play a more significant role than bidirectional-causal effects.
CLINICALTRIAL
Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (NO. 2016-171)
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