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In order to effectively improve the efficiency of ventilation and dust removal, the flow field and dust migration characteristics under different ventilation parameters are deeply studied and analyzed by using the method of similar experiment and numerical simulation. Research results show that the change of the height of the ventilation duct affects the shape of the jet fluid, wind velocity distribution, the vortex distribution and the degree of disturbance of the airflow in the recirculation zone. When the height of the ventilation duct is h = 0.625 H (H is the height of the roadway), it shows a good ventilation and dust removal efficiency in roadway. The closer the ventilation duct is to the working face, the greater the eddy current intensity in the roadway and the more serious the dust accumulation. If the ventilation duct is 2 m away from the head, the dust concentration in roadway is relatively low. It shows a better ventilation and dedusting effect when the air velocity of ventilation duct v = 30 m/s, but it has a weak influence on the flow field structure in the roadway. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the selection, design and parameter optimization of the roadway ventilation and dust removal process.