The major objective of the current investigation is to build an integrated multiple criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) methodology based on combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) and spherical fuzzy set for determining the optimal solar power station. To begin with, an innovative spherical fuzzy score function is brought forward to strengthen the efficiency of the comparison for spherical fuzzy number (SFN). Secondly, several newly operational laws for SFN are defined and some novel aggregation operation based on them are propounded. The corresponding excellent properties of the novel operators are also explored at length. Further, the spherical fuzzy method on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) technique is presented by the proposed score function to work out the importance of the criteria. Lastly, an MCGDM approach is propounded based on improved spherical fuzzy CoCoSo to obtain the ranking of the solar power station locations. The feasibility and practicability of the proposed SF-MEREC–CoCoSo method are investigated through the comparison study with the extant methods. The sensibility analysis is also executed to discuss the robustness and stability of the propounded methodology.
To overcome the limitation that the linear transverse dimension of microstrip antenna is of the order of half wavelength, a two-element antenna array has been proposed with composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials in this paper. The antenna array is made of two same antenna elements. Each element consists of three radiating patches, interdigital capacitance between two radiation patches and shorted pin connecting radiating patch with ground plane. Therefore, a composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials is constituted by radiating patch, shorted pin, antenna of substrate and ground plane. An arched microstrip line is used to connect two antenna elements. The phase difference between two antenna elements is set by adjusting the length of arched microstrip line. S parameters of antenna array obtained by numerical computation are in good agreement of that obtained by measurement. Meanwhile, zeroth-order resonant frequency of two-element antenna array is consistent with that estimated by the circuit theory with extracting equivalent circuit parameters of composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials. The peak gain of this antenna array is 6.3dB. Seen from this point, the antenna peak gain is enhanced. When operating in the zeroth-order resonant frequency, physical dimensions of this antenna element are reduced to 0.28λ0×0.1λ0. Here λ0 is a zeroth-order resonant wavelength. The proposed antenna array is a novel venue for antenna miniaturization.
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