Active packaging containing natural extracts is a promising innovation to prolong the shelf life of perishable food. The objective of this work was to develop a bioactive edible film from semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and glycerol (G) as plasticizer incorporated with natural extract. Five Malaysian herbs were evaluated to determine their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. The Persicaria minor (PM) extract demonstrated the highest TPC (1.629 mg GAE/L sample) and radical scavenging activity evaluated by the radicals 2,2’-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (27.166 mg TE/L sample), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (719.89 mg eq. Trolox/L sample) and α,α′-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (5.81 mg TE/L sample). Thus, PM extract was selected for active packaging film at concentrations of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% and compared with 0.4% Butylatedhydroxianisole in 2% SRC and 0.9% G film formulation. The meat patties were wrapped in the films and stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2 °C) for 14 days. The film with 2% PM exhibited significantly lower lipid deterioration analysed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (p < 0.05) and small changes in % metmyoglobin value which indicated the minimum development of brown colour (p < 0.05). Hence, this film can be used as a packaging material to improve meat quality characteristics.
Semi‐refined carrageenan (SRC) film plasticized with glycerol and incorporated with α‐tocopherol was prepared for food packaging application. Functional characterization, thermal stability, and microstructure of SRC‐based films were analyzed. The effects of antioxidant α‐tocopherol from SRC‐based film were studied based on thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance assay, metmyoglobin assay, and pH value in food model (meat patties) for 12 days of storage. The development of lipid oxidation was delayed in the meat patties wrapped with antioxidant films during the storage with the final value of 0.68–0.37 mg malondialdehyde/kg sample. A less than 50% brown color development (metmyoglobin) of the meat patties wrapped with antioxidant film was observed in the first nine days of storage. Hence, the incorporation of α‐tocopherol into the SRC‐based film could be an alternative way to prolong the shelf life of food product, reducing the use of synthetic preservative directly into food product. Practical applications Recent strategy on the development of biodegradable film for food packaging is important as an alternative to the petrochemical‐derived plastic that is harmful to the environment. SRC is one of the potential biopolymers that has the ability to form a strong gel and provides efficient barrier against gas, lipids, and oils, and addition of plasticizer glycerol into SRC enhanced mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The present study showed the potential of α‐tocopherol within the SRC film plasticized with glycerol as active packaging on the film characteristics and increased the shelf life of meat patties. Hence, the active packaging film developed is not only contributes to reduce plastic waste discharged to environment but can be a potential substitute of synthetic preservative in food.
Active packaging films derived from renewable biopolymers with an antioxidant formulation are a promising alternative in prolonging food shelf life. This study aimed to develop active hybrid films from semi-refined carrageenan, plasticized with glycerol, incorporating α-tocopherol, and enhanced with cellulose nanofibers derived from empty fruit bunch as reinforcing agents for improved film function in active packaging. The active hybrid films were characterized for their properties, and the release of antioxidant α-tocopherol was observed in food simulant and fresh meat. The application of the active hybrid films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers as active packaging for food products is presented.
Semi refined carrageenan (2%w/w) plasticized with 0.9% (w/w) glycerol (G) added with Persicaria minor (PM) extract and 0.4% (w/w) BHA as antioxidant additives for the development of active packaging films. The extraction of PM using 75% (v/v) ethanol: water ratio showed the highest polyphenol content with 176.80±4.37 Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/L sample and 94.65±0.17% inhibition analyzed using DPPH antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The characterization of SRC-G based film containing 0.4, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% (w/w) PM and BHA were observed using FTIR, mechanical and physical properties of the treated films. FTIR spectrum band showed insight analysis of PM extract and BHA with carrageenan. SRC film plasticized with glycerol improved overall physical properties including thickness, barrier and flexibility and increased tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the SRC film only (p<0.05). The active films with PM extracts (2.0% w/w) exhibited good mechanical properties with tensile strength and elongation at break with 28.01±0.17 and 37.37±0.29 respectively (p<0.05). The addition of PM extract in SRC films increased the moisture content and opacity as proportionally to the concentration of PM extracts. Film treated with 2.0% PM showed lowest value of films solubility compare to all sample (p<0.05). Hence, the characterization measurement of SRC based films demonstrated great potential with natural extract formulation for the development of active film packaging for food products.
This work focuses on the development of biodegradable active films packaging using natural compounds by reducing the plastic waste to environment but also as a potential substitute of synthetic preservative in food. Active film packaging was formulated using semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) biopolymer plasticized with glycerol (G), reinforced with different concentrations cellulose nanofiber (CNF) at 0 to 13% w/w incorporated 0.4% w/w α-tocopherol as natural antioxidants. Physical and mechanical properties of the film samples were analyzed. Active films reinforced CNF enhanced overall the tensile strength and the value of elongation at break significantly (p<0.05). Film samples reinforced with 10% w/w CNF improved the value of opacity, thickness, films solubility (%) and moisture content (%) with (5.60±0.14, 0.139 ±0.02, 27.89±2.41 and 18.88±1.06) respectively. In summary, an active film with 10% w/w CNF showed highest improvement on the mechanical and physical properties due to the uniform dispersion between CNF-SRC matrix interactions. Hence, the new formulation of active packaging film with showed competitive properties that could be an alternative solution for biodegradable films with function of food protection against oxidative degeneration.
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