<span>The authors make use of the Cumulative Prediction Error (CPE) technique to examine the effects of political events in the stock market. The stock price behaviour of sixteen U.S. defense industry firms was examined before and after seventeen unforeseeable political events involving military force. The authors found that significantly positive effects on stock prices appear to occur as a result of military actions. The nature and use of the CPE technique is discussed.</span>
With the recent increase in acts of piracy at sea, general average acts have been brought back into focus when coupled with the resurgent risk of ocean shipping. These changing conditions have the potential to result in a lessening of general risk coverage, increased costs, or both. In some cases, piracy risks might even be deemed unacceptably high, resulting in a change in shipping routes and policies, which could negatively impact shipping costs and even service availability. As global commerce continues to increase, so do ocean carriage and the possibility of increased risk of loss or increased shipping costs due to increases in insurance premiums. Changes in the need for different types of coverage, or changes in shipping routes are very real.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide useful insights underlying the popularity of search engine technologies within a social media-intensive environment. Design/methodology/approach The degree of social interaction for social media platforms that integrate search engine technologies as part of the homepage and related experience is very mixed on part of its users. Through Barnard’ theory of authority acceptance, social media and its popularity may be examined by the ability of its users to create effective messages that can be broadcasted to many, yet controlled by individual. The hypotheses tested the interaction of social media and search engine with gender and technological ease-of-use factors. Findings The statistical evidence suggested that significant technological and ease-of-use aspects of search engines are not meaningful, based on gender alone. Males may slightly be prone to take advantage of such technologies, but their search and use patterns are not much varied from their female counterparts. Social media, generally more fully captured authority in individual search patterns, and a number of interactions among gender status, search engine characteristics, and social media were found to be significant and profound. The testing of these hypotheses directly reflect the complexities of unique needs among users of search engines within a social media environment. Practical implications Search engine technologies with a social media context has allowed for the development of a modern, user-driven internet experience that has been powered by users’ imagination and is designed to at least partially satisfy users’ need for self-directed engagement. Organizations are well advised to provide a mindful, less controlled, and more interactive presence of potential users, especially through an increasingly mobile presence. Originality/value Individuals as well as organizations are rapidly discovering that it is becoming easier to share and distribute their content, especially for more creative and innovative content, among all of its users. As businesses continue to focus on the quality of one’s own content, individuals are increasingly taking advantage of some tools to exert more control over their experiences and what they are willing to share, resulting in more user-based partnerships will formulate. As the transition of traditional forms of marketing to newer forms of integrated marketing, the future for search engines as marketing tools by social media users appears to be very promising in adding contextual content within users’ homepage.
Successful mangers of the future are likely to be well~informed opportunists who use information strategically and have the flexibility to respond to opportunities. The success of these managers will be determined by their ability to combine the right information with the right opportunities. Information strategy is increasing in importance and will assist firms in building a competitive edge.Information has always been at the heart of organizations. While always vital, the increasing availability of various types of information has led to its growing organizational importance. Only within the last few years has the availability of information become such that managers have been able to obtain it at the time and place when they need it. Although much information has to be sifted to identify key information which is timely and complete, those managers that have it and know how to use it achieve a form of leverage over competing firms which do not possess similar information. Utilizing that latest and best information for aggressive management is prudent, if not imperative, in view of today's realities.Given the importance of information, it is critical for an organization not to lag behind competitors in the development and utilization of information resources. Often, it takes years of lead time to develop an efficient information resource. For a lagging competitor, the race is likely over about the time this critical distinction sets in. The importance of organizational information is not going to lessen over time. As more firms think competitively, their attitudes toward information must change. They must come to think of information as a strategic asset -an asset that becomes the enabler of their business plans.The economic gap between those which do and do not possess and employ information resources effectively will likely widen appreciably in the 1990s and beyond. Only those managers who best understand this impact and direct their organizational resources in such a way as to best utilize information as a productive asset are likely to survive in an increasingly competitive global environment.
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