During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, universities had to shift from face-to-face to emergency remote education. Students were forced to study online, with limited access to facilities and less contact with peers and teachers, while at the same time being exposed to more autonomy. This study examined how students adapted to emergency remote learning, specifically focusing on students’ resource-management strategies using an individual differences approach. One thousand eight hundred university students completed a questionnaire on their resource-management strategies and indicators of (un)successful adaptation to emergency remote learning. On average, students reported being less able to regulate their attention, effort, and time and less motivated compared to the situation before the crisis started; they also reported investing more time and effort in their self-study. Using a k-means cluster analysis, we identified four adaptation profiles and labeled them according to the reported changes in their resource-management strategies: the overwhelmed, the surrenderers, the maintainers, and the adapters. Both the overwhelmed and surrenderers appeared to be less able to regulate their effort, attention, and time and reported to be less motivated to study than before the crisis. In contrast, the adapters appreciated the increased level of autonomy and were better able to self-regulate their learning. The resource-management strategies of the maintainers remained relatively stable. Students’ responses to open-answer questions on their educational experience, coded using a thematic analysis, were consistent with the quantitative profiles. Implications about how to support students in adapting to online learning are discussed.

Schutz gegen Herz-und HirninfarktSchon eine Minimaldosis des Aspirin ® -Wirkstoffs Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) senkt bei Frauen das Risiko für einen Schlaganfall, in höherem Alter schützt er sie auch vor Herzinfarkt. Das ist ein Ergebnis der Woman´s Health Study, der größten Studie, die jemals zu ASS gemacht wurde. Die Epidemiologin Buring entwarf mit ihren Kollegen im Jahre 1992 die jetzt veröffentlichte Woman´s Health Study. "Wir haben beim Studiendesign auf eine Minimaldosis Aspirin gesetzt, von der noch ein Effekt zu erwarten war." Die Ergebnisse sind eindeutig: Die Gefahr, einen ersten Schlaganfall zu erleiden, sank für die Frauen, die jeden zweiten Tag 100 Milligramm ASS einnahmen, um insgesamt 17 %. Frauen über 65 Jahren genießen zudem einen guten Schutz vor einem ersten Herzinfarktdas Risiko sank um 34 %. Bayer research 17 (2005) 74-75

The chemical compounds present on the surface of CdTe have been investigated after different surface preparations and correlated with the properties of junctions formed by Cr on the CdTe. xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that four different surface compositions result from five different treatments. Cleaving leaves a stoichiometric surface whereas oxidation in air leads to the formation ofTe0 2 . Bromine-in-methanol etch leaves a Te-enriched surface and chromate etch leaves a surface containing both Te0 2 and excess Te. Hydrogen heat treatment of an etched CdTe surface restores a stoichiometric cleavedlike surface from that disrupted by the etching process. Effects on the properties of subsequently formed junctions are evidenced by a decrease in the diode saturation current from 2x lO-s for a bromine-etched surface to 2x 10-8 A/cm 2 for a cleaved surface.

Zusammenfassung: "Neutralisation" gibt es in der Säure/Base-Theorie von J. N. Brönsted nicht. Und dennoch ist es auch nach Brönsted zweckmäßig, in bestimmten Fällen den Begriff "Neutralisation" zu verwenden. Dann existieren auch Neutralisationsenthalpien. Man kann sie mit einer einfachen Ausrüstung bestimmen. Sie zeigen überraschenderweise große Differenzen. Diese lassen sich einerseits mit der Debye-Hückel-Theorie, andererseits mit Protonierungsgleichgewichten erklären.Stichworte: Neutralisation · Neutralisationsenthalpie · Säure/Base-Theorie Enthalpy of neutralisationAbstract: There is no "neutralisation" in the acid/base-theory by J.N. Brönsted. But it is convenient to use the name "neutralisation", when the protolytic reaction is almost complete and give solutions with a protolytic state near the conventional neutral point. In these cases exist of course the enthalpies of neutralisationreactions, too. It is possible to gain these enthalpies with simple equipment. Surprisingly the results show great differences. On the one hand it is possible to explain these differences by the theory of Debye-Hückel on the other hand by equilibria of protolytic reactions.