Tensions, conflicts, and community instability associated with heightened immigration – especially of nonwhite immigrant groups – threaten to balkanize America. This article highlights the root causes of the growing opposition to both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy — the nativist backlash, presents a typology of the community-level conflicts that have arisen as a consequence of heightened immigration – legal and illegal — to the United States over the last 30 years, and outlines the conditions under which diversity can be brought to the forefront as one of society's strengths.

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Using data from a multi-city survey of urban inequality, we assess the effects of bridging social networks-ties that connect individuals to different worlds of information, resources, and opportunities-on Black, Hispanic, and White female labor-force participation in metropolitan Los Angeles. Our findings indicate that these types of networks are far more important in explaining the labor-market experiences of females in Los Angeles than the kinds of cultural forces that serve as the foundation of much contemporary conservative social policy making in the United States. Implications for current efforts to transition women from welfare to work are discussed.In academic circles, the policy arena, and the popular press, considerable attention has been devoted to the unprecedented rise in illegitimacy and in the growth of welfaredependent, female-headed households in urban America during the past five decades 3

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