Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh organisme penempel (biofouling) masih menjadi tantangan bagi nelayan pemilik perahu atau kapal. Pumpboat merupakan alat transportasi antar pulau dan sarana yang digunakan masyarakat pesisir kepulauan Sangihe untuk menangkap ikan. Biaya operasional yang tinggi seharunya tidak lagi ditambah dengan biaya pemeliharaan yang tinggi, sehingga nelayan dapat meminimalisir kerugian dimasa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tahan material plywood marine use yang biasanya digunakan nelayan Sangihe terhadap pertumbuhuan biofouling. Perendaman material yang sudah dicat dan dikeringkan dilakukan selama satu bulan. Perhitungan IS (intensitas serangan) dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data luas permukaan material sebelum diserang dan setelah diserang setiap minggu. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu minggu pertama 19.8 %, minggu ke-2 48.8 %, minggu ke-3 63.6% dan minggu ke-4 87.4%. Tingginya laju pertumbuhan ini mengharuskan pengaplikasian metode khusus, sehingga performa konstruksi dan mesin kapal tetap maksimal saat melaut. The impact caused by adhering organisms (biofouling) is still a challenge for fishermen who own boats or ships. Pumpboat is an inter-island transportation tool and a means used by the coastal communities of the Sangihe Islands to catch fish. High operational costs should no longer be coupled with high maintenance costs, so that fishermen can minimize losses in the future. This study aims to determine the durability of marine use plywood material, which is usually used by Sangihe fishermen against biofouling growth. Immersion of the material that has been painted and dried is carried out for one month. The calculation of IS (intensity of attack) is done by collecting data on the surface area of the material before being attacked and after being attacked every week. The results obtained are 19.8% in the first week, 48.8% in the 2nd week, 63.6% in the 3rd week and 87.4% in the 4th week. This high growth rate necessitates the application of special methods, so that the ship's construction and engine performance remains optimal while at sea.
Plastisitas morfologi sponge telah lama menjadi tantangan berat dalam identifikasi jenis sponge dan mempunyai implikasi penting di bidang konservasi spesies, penemuan bahan bioaktif maupun biomaterial berpotensi medis dari invertebrata laut ini. Peran ekologis, kandungan senyawa bioaktif maupun variasi genetik dari X. testudinaria, sponge ikonik di terumbu karang Sulawesi Utara dan Indo-Pasifik ini, telah seringkali dilaporkan. Tetapi penelitian tentang plastisitas X. testudinaria masih sangat terbatas. Untuk menentukan plastisitias X. testudinaria dari Kabupaten Sitaro dan Sangihe, kami membandingkan karakteristik morfologi (contoh, warna, bentuk pertumbuhan, permukaan tubuh, ukuran dan bentuk spikula). Sejauh ini, tiga morfotipe sponge jenis Xestospongia testudinaria telah ditemukan di Kepulauan Sitaro dan Sangihe; (1) morfotipe digitate di Pulau Mahumu, (2) morfotipe lamellate di perairan Enepahembang dan Bebalang dan (3) morfotipe licin di Ulu Siau. Berbeda dengan studi plastisitas X. testudinaria sebelumnya, penelitian kami tidak menunjukkan adanya dominasi dari salah satu morfotipe ini di wilayah di sekitar pelabuhan laut dan daerah dengan masukan sedimentasi tinggi. Kami juga membahas implikasi dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran lebih baik mengenai distribusi berbagai morfotipe X. testudinaria di perairan Nusa Utara. Morphological plasticity in sponge has become a serious challenge in sponge identification and has an important implication in species conservation. Ecological roles, bioactive compounds, and genetic variation of X. testudinaria, the iconic sponge from the coral reef in North Sulawesi and even Indo-Pacific, have been frequently reported. However, research on the plasticity of X. testudinaria remains limited. To determine the plasticity of this species from Sitaro and Sangihe Islands, we compared the morphological characteristics (e.g. color, growth form, surface, size and the style of spicule). So far, three morphotypes of X. testudinaria have been found in Sitaro and Sangihe Island regencies; digitate, lamellate and smooth surfaces. Different from earlier study on plasticity in X. testudinaria, our research did not show domination of any morphotype in areas near seaport and high sedimentation. We also discussed the implication of this research to get a better understanding of the distribution of X. testudinaria with different morphotypes in Nusa Utara waters.
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