Our results suggest that UC-MSCs are effective in restoring AFC and APP in H5N1-associated ALI and confer functional in addition to practical advantages over conventional BM-MSCs.

In this review of Y chromosome microdeletions, azoospermia factor (AZF) deletion subtypes, histological features and microTESE sperm retrieval rates are summarized after a systematic literature review. PubMed was searched and papers were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Approximately half of infertile couples have a male factor contributing to their infertility. One of the most common genetic etiologies are Y chromosome microdeletions. Men with Y chromosome microdeletions may have rare sperm available in the ejaculate or undergo surgical sperm retrieval and subsequent intracytoplasmic sperm injection to produce offspring.Azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia are the most common semen analysis findings found in men with Y chromosome microdeletions, associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Men with complete deletions of azoospermia factor a, b, or a combination of any loci have severely impaired spermatogenesis and are nearly always azoospermic with no sperm retrievable from the testis. Deletions of the azoospermia factor c or d often have sperm production and the highest likelihood of a successful sperm retrieval. In men with AZFc deletions, histologically, 46% of men demonstrate Sertoli cell only syndrome on biopsy, whereas 38.2% have maturation arrest and 15.7% have hypospermatogenesis. The microTESE sperm retrieval rates in AZFcdeleted men range from 13-100% based on the 32 studies analyzed, with a mean sperm retrieval rate of 47%.

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A 53 year old man with a large mesenchymal hamartoma is reported. Only a few bile ducts could be found in the periphery of the lesion and no hepatocytes were identified within the lesion. As far as is known, this is the only adult male patient reported to date. On the basis of the reported findings of mesenchymal hamartoma in other adults, it is suggested that there could be changes in the morphology of this lesion with age: progressive loss of hepatocytes; degeneration of bile duct epithelium; and cystic change of the mesenchymal component. The haematopoietic element is considered to be part of the fetal hepatic haematopoiesis that occurs in the hamartoma.