Surgical trauma to the abdominal wall and peritoneum during celiotomy is expected to cause postoperative inflammation. However, complications after abdominal surgery are hardly detected in the early stage. Hematological analysis of blood has been considered beneficial in disease diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters predicting peritonitis in goats and to determine the post-surgery day that hematology is significant. Six apparently healthy West African Dwarf goats were included in this study. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, blood samples were obtained daily for 3 days for hematological analyses, which served as the baseline data. The right flanks of the animals were aseptically prepared routinely for exploratory laparotomy. Restraint and anesthesia were achieved using xylazine and lignocaine using an inverted "L" block technique. Laparotomy was performed, and the incision was left for 20 min and then closed routinely. Blood samples were collected for hemogram 24 hr postoperatively and daily for 7 days. Based on the post-surgery hematology results, relative neutrophil (P=0.015) and lymphocyte (P=0.006) counts significantly increased and decreased on day 5 respectively. Significant differences were also observed for red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume on days 5, 6, and 7 respectively. It could therefore be concluded that the diagnostic result for hematology post-laparotomy can be obtained on the fifth and sixth day.