We investigate the Fano factor in a strained armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbon nanodevice under the effect of ac field in a wide range of frequencies at different temperatures (10 K–70 K). This nanodevice is modeled as follows: a graphene nanoribbon is connected to two metallic leads. These two metallic leads operate as a source and a drain. The conducting substance is the gate electrode in this three-terminal nanodevice. Another metallic gate is used to govern the electrostatics and the switching of the graphene nanoribbon channel. The substances at the graphene nanoribbon/metal contact are controlled by the back gate. The photon-assisted tunneling probability is deduced by solving the Dirac eigenvalue differential equation in which the Fano factor is expressed in terms of this tunneling probability. The results show that for the investigated nanodevice, the Fano factor decreases as the frequency of the induced ac field increases, while it increases as the temperature increases. In general, the Fano factors for both strained armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons are different. This is due to the effect of the uniaxial strain. It is shown that the band structure parameters of graphene nanoribbons at the energy gap, the C–C bond length, the hopping integral, the Fermi energy and the width are modulated by uniaxial strain. This research gives us a promise of the present nanodevice being used for digital nanoelectronics and sensors.
E thaNolic extract of dried flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum l. (clove) was investigated to evaluate its antifungal activity against local fungal isolates causing postharvest infections form potato and tomato. Four fungal isolates; Geotrichum candidum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Mucor hiemalis were identified. All fungal isolates were found to be inhibited by the extract; whereas the smallest inhibition zone) of S. aromaticum extract was 2.5% for M. hiemalis, A. alternata, G. candidum and 12.5% for F. oxysporum. Quantitative assessment of phytochemical compounds in clove plant revealed the presence of phenolic acids (20.80%); flavonoids (26.81%); tannins (4.90%), saponins (2.60%), alkaloids (1.60%), total protein (17.83%), total carbohydrate (2.23%) and total oil (0.90%). Biochemical profile was revealed by GC/MS which detect 18 different chemical compounds. The major compounds were eugenol (17.27%), trans-caryophyllene (0.50%), humulene (3.33%), anthracenedione (3.35%), cedran-diol (0.61%), citroflex A (5.45%) and lucenin 2 (8.25%). TLC technique and different solvent systems were employed to select the proper one based on its capacity to isolate the maximum number of fluorescent spots in crude extract. Chloroform-acetone-butanol (CAB) 85:15:20 could efficiently separate three bands (A, B and C). Each detected band was individually screened for its antifungal activity against the isolated fungi. Only band C showed a significant antifungal activity. Mass spectroscopy (MS) was used to investigate characteristics, purity as well as expectation of both chemical formula and molecular weight of the isolated compounds; which finally proved that glucoside β-sitosterol was the main compound represented in fraction-C.
Aim OvSynch is a hormonal protocol for synchronization of estrus and use of artificial insemination (AI) at an optimal time without adverse effects on the ovaries or uterus. This study investigated the use of noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound to assess changes in uterine and vaginal blood flow during the Ovsynch program for synchronization of estrus and its relation to the pregnancy rates in Holstein cows. Materials and methods The experimental cows received an intramuscular dose of 10 µg of a GnRH analogue (G1), followed 7 days later with an intramuscular injection of synthetic prostaglandin F2α (P: PGF2α) analogue (500 µg cloprostenol sodium), and given a 10 µg, injection of the GnRH analogue (G2) i.m. (2.5ml/animal) 48 h after the PGF2a treatment, and the cows were bred 14–16 h after. Uterine and vaginal perfusion were investigated by performing transrectal Doppler ultrasonography of both the middle uterine and vaginal arteries in Holstein cows at different time points during the Ovsynch program to determine: peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the volume of blood flow (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), resistance impedance (S/D) and diameters of uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries. Steroid hormones were also considered. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) was performed at 32 and 60 days to confirm the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Results The uterine PSV, TAMV, and PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium and second GnRH injections (p < 0.05) than at the time of the first GnRH injection. The vaginal PSV, PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium than at the time of the first and second GnRH injections (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) indicated a higher correlation between the uterine and vaginal blood flow and the rate of the pregnancy (p < 0.05). The ROC curve for the vaginal artery was 0.920 and that for uterine blood flow was 0.870 (p < 0.05) at the G2 (p < 0.05). The serum levels of progesterone, estrogen and cortisol were correlated with the P/AI (p < 0.05). The P/AI significantly decreased from 43.9% at 32 d to 35.37% at 60 d. Conclusion These results indicate that noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to evaluate changes in the characteristics of uterine and vaginal blood flow in cows during the Ovsynch protocol. Furthermore, vaginal and uterine blood flow are two determinant factors for the higher conception rates in Holstein dairy cows.
The purpose of this study was to present a practical novel method to calculate the penalty kick accuracy in football. The mathematical advantage considered the ratio of the rectangle goal dimension (1:3) and equalized between horizontal axis as it longer 3 times than the vertical axis. Twelve male soccer players 16 (3) years)), height 174.7 (4.5) cm)), body mass 67.6 (5.5) kg)) volunteered to participate in this study. The players were asked to do penalty kicks where the ball is aimed at the farthest point from the centre of the target portion for shooting. The soccer goal was split into quarters at three different velocities (low, medium, and high) the calculation was conducted two times by height to width ratio (HWR) and the most common method radial error. Kinovea Software 0.8.27. were used for digitizing. The ICC demonstrated high reliability (r = .99) for digitization at the moment the ball crossed the goal line for the inter and intra-ratter reliability. There was a significant relationship between some kinematics variables of the ball and the accuracy outcome of the HWR method in the four sections of the goal (p < .05).
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