In this research, the traditional version of the phase inversion method was used to fabricate a flat sheet of a blended membrane. The method was involved using a polymer that blends polyether sulfone (PES) varied proportions (0,3,4 and 5 wt.%), and polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) was 20wt%. It was found that with the addition of PES, the membrane properties increased, the best properties were with 4%wt. The ratio was chosen PES 4wt% to study the effect of time, temperature, and pressure on the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements. The increase in the porosity was with the addition of 4% PES. The rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane increases with increasing of the operating pressure and time. While by increasing the temperature, the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane decreased. The rejection of K, Th, and Pb are higher than other elements, the order of the rejection is K˃Th˃Pb˃U˃Cd˃Zn˃Cu>Ni.
The present work is especially concerned with the Iraqi bauxite ore that includes 4.1% of titanium element (Ti). The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of various parameters (concentration of acid, ratio of solid: liquid, stirring speed, contact time, and temperature) in order to determine the best conditions for the leaching and extraction of titanium element. All tests of leaching were conducted with different acids (HNO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4) with a ratio of solid: liquid from (1: 100) to (1: 8), the temperature of reaction from (25°C) to (50°C), period of time from (30 min) to (120 min), and speed of stirring from (400 rpm) to (1200 rpm). The best conditions were determined at (1: 100) solid: liquid ratio, (50°C) temperature, (4 M) HNO3 concentration, and (900 rpm) stirring speed. While, the titanium extraction was from leached solution by (trioctylphosphine oxide) (TOPO), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), and di-2- ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in kerosene) with an organic/aqueous ratio of (1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 2/1, and 3/1); temperature of reaction and period of time are correspondingly from (25°C) to (55°C) and from (8 min) to (15 min), and speed of stirring (400 rpm). The best conditions were obtained when using (55°C) temperature, (50%) TOPO concentration, (15 min) contact time, (400 rpm) speed of stirring and (1/3) O/A ratio.
The essential purpose of this paper is to illustrate and inspect the leaching characteristics of Iraqi Phosphogypsum (PG). The paper presents the results of the dissolution characteristics of heavy and radioactive elements from PG, which is a by-product result from the industry of phosphate fertilizers. Leachability of heavy and radioactive elements in deionized water that has been inspected under various states of leaching, including solid/liquid ratio (10, 20 and 50 /1g/L) and temperatures (25, 45 and 85 °C), with constant other parameters such as string speed (300 rpm) and contact time (60 minutes). For the most analysis elements, the progressive release of the metals, in addition to the major elements reflects high mobility. The mobility of trace metals in PG has been generally classified into three main degrees: (1) high mobility elements such as Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cr; (2) moderate mobility elements such as Sr, V, Ba,Y,Hg, K and Ni; and (3)l ow mobility elements like Ca,Cu,Fe, and Ag. The maximum concentrations of the most of the metals were attained from a leaching state of 10/1g/L. Regarding temperature, the experimental results revealed that the PG solubility to leaching out elements increases noticeably as the applied temperature ranges from 25 to 45 °C; after this degree, the leaching efficiency decreases. Chloride had a positive and negative effect on the solubility of phosphorus. Calcium chloride had an adverse effect on solubility and observed reduced solubility with increased chloride. While the positive effect of sodium and magnesium chloride was observed, the solubility...
This research examines the effect of size and weight fraction of the eggshell particles added on the hardening of the Al metal reinforced by eggshell Particles using the program MINITAB 16. Powder technology method has been used to produce a composite material, The composite material was obtained by adding different weight fractions (0,2, 6,10 and 12 wt. %) and the size (100,240,350,510and 670um) of eggshell particles to aluminum powder. It samples was composed by using pressing of single action then accompanied directly by process of sintering at 474°C under the inert gas effect conditions. it was concluded that the best hardening of (72.6971 Mpa) can be obtained when the variables were (Xi = 12 wt%) and (X2 =100um). The lights value of Xi and X2, obtained using the programs, was used in practice giving hardening (74Mpa) which it nearly similar to that obtained by program. Also results show that the variables weight fraction (X1) & Particle Size (X2) have a significant effect on hardening. Moreover, the hardening increases with increasing weight fraction. While hardening value decreases gradient with down eggshell particle size.
This research examines the effect of alkaline leaching on the recovery of silicon element from the Iraqi Bauxite Ore. The factors studied were NaOH concentration, particle size, and stirring speed using the program MINITAB 16. NaOH concentration (X1) (1,2, and 4M), particle size (X2) (53,75,and 150µm), and stirring speed (X3) (250,500, and 750 rpm). The best recovery percentage was found to be (94.1097) when the variables were (X2= 53M), (X1 = 4M), and (X3=750 rpm). The factors NaOH concentration (X1), particle size (X2), and stirring speed (X3) all have a substantial impact on the process of recovery, according to the results. However, NaOH Concentration (X1) and Particle’s size (X2) have a more significant effect compared with the stirring speed (X3) on the recovery process.
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