Acinetobacter species including A. baumannii were found MDR (98.1%) according to the current Acinetobacter spp. antimicrobial categorization. Approximately half of these strains were A. baumannii. All Acinetobacter species were 100% sensitive to colistin and to some extent to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (74.5%). ICU-acquired pneumonia among patients over 60 years of age who spend prolong times at artificial ventilations made up the majority of the cases.
Staphylococcus hominis is a Gram-positive, spherical cells in clusters and coagulasenegative bacterial. It commonly occurs as a harmless commensal on human skin, occasionally causes nosocomial or community acquired infection specially in immunocompromised patients. Nowadays almost all Staphylococcus species have multidrug resistance. In this study, a total of ten out of one hundred fifty nasal swabs at Assir Central Hospital General Lab during the period of April 2011-July 2011 proved to be Staphylococcus spp. and identified as Staphylococcus hominis patients of different sex and age groups with variable systemic infections (e.g. RTI, UTI, CNS). The samples were tested by bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for confirmation of Staphylococcal species and detection of the Mec A gene. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by SPSS. Drugs found to be resistant to all patients were penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, cifoxine and carbinicillin. Whereas cotrimexazole, amikacine and vancomycine were sensitive to all patients. Only 10% of patients were sensitive to methotrexate and cefaclor. Drugs that showed variable sensitivity pattern among patients were tetracyclin, fucidin, augmentin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin.
This study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity of antibiotics towards nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter species. The study took place during the period Dec. 2011- Dec. 2012 at Assir Central Hospital in collaboration with the department of microbiology, college of medicine, King Khalid University, Abha. A prospective study involving 150 patients presented with nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter species detected by bacteriological tests; direct microscopy, culture in blood agar media, fermentation test in MacConkey media and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for antibiotics sensitivity using Muller Hinton media and Chemical test using API 20. A 150 nosocomial infections in this study showed gram-negative coccobacilli, non motile, glucose-negative fermentor and oxidase negative. All isolates showed 100% sensitivity to: Imipramine, Meropenem, Colistin. From the rest of tested antibiotics the higher resistant ones were; Nitrofurantoin 87% and Cefoxitin 85%. The least resistant antibiotics; Imipenem 3% and Ticarcillin 7%. While variable resistance in the rest of tested antimicrobials. A 47 patients (31.3%) have used antibiotics prior to this study. The high rate of usage occurred in elder patients. The frequency of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex multi-drugs resistance ABCMDR is rising including almost all commonly used antibiotics. Only few antibiotics exert 100% sensitivity towards these bacteria.
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