Summary In the 21st century in a globalized world the level of competitiveness depends on numerous factors. This article concentrates deliberations on several of them, including space, population and international exchange. For ages, the international position of a country depended on its geographical size or access to sea. The country’s size was also determined by its internal demographic potential. As civilization progressed, there was a reorientation of factors which influence the development of individual countries and their regions. The contemporary world has seen an emergence of countries with small surface area and minor human potential, which yet are global development leaders. In the literature, they are often referred to as small states. Analysis of research shows that small countries are more involved, for instance, in providing support for the society. International exchange is also important for the development of individual countries. In this aspect, small countries turn the apparent threat related to a small market into an advantage. In the conclusion of the deliberation, the authors of the study point out that despite significant economic, social and cultural evolution, space and population are still important elements of development, although, they note, the role of such elements of spatial policy as natural resources is smaller than in the past.
The article is devoted to the problems of the growing and developing space sector in Poland, and above all, its impact on building a competitive, knowledge-based economy. The aim of the work was to present the efforts of the regions, focusing on the example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, aimed at building research, development and implementation infrastructure, thanks to which cooperation is established between the local government at the regional level, the world of science, and enterprises. Thanks to such cooperation, it is possible not only to build real relationships between these environments, and in particular, the result of these interactions will be specific economic cooperation, locating new economic entities in the region, or the formation of new companies operating in the space sector. The main part of the work is a case study which presents the initiative to create a Space Technology Park taken by the local government of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, and carried out jointly with the University of Zielona Góra and Hertz Systems LTD. This is an excellent proof that at the voivodeship level, very important initiatives for the development of the space sector can be undertaken as part of a de facto intraregional regional policy.
Every country has symbolic dates in its history. The necessary political, social, and economic transformation after 1989 required costly changes. The prospect, and then the realization of Poland’s aspiration to become a member of the European Union has turned us from a former Soviet-influenced bloc country into a fully-fledged member of the European family. All thanks to May 1, 2004. Since then, this date has been the foundation, and a new chapter in Poland’s recent history. Poland has confidently entered a new political, economic, and, above all, civilizational space. The aim of the article was to show the way to this important event which changed Poland’s place in Europe forever.
Summary Institutionalization of the development management system in Poland The Polish development policy was shaped along with the process of political transformation and integration with the European Union. After 1990, the management of development policy had a provisional character, in fact the system did not exist. At the national level, there was certain lack of the legal framework, strategic documents, institutional framework and financing. The progressively progressing process of European integration, the transfer of pre-accession funds and the prospect of EU membership and also the possibility of implementing cohesion policy have enabled the adoption of solutions appropriate for many EU Member States. In the first phase, in 1998, exactly on 5 June, the law on voivodship and poviat level self-government was adopted. The following year, the act on departments was adopted, on the basis of which the office of the minister competent for development was established, and in 2000 the fundamental act of law was adopted, namely the act on the principles of supporting regional development. Along with the possibility of cohesion policy implementation, a strategic planning system was adopted, primarily for the purpose of taking advantage of the European funds, and the corresponding institutional set-up was created. However, it was only in 2008, at the initiative of the Strategic Advisory Group at the Prime Minister, that the solutions at that time were reviewed and changes were recommended in the area of strategic management of Poland’s development. The justification for the changes was the need to have a new “compass of development”, which after the period of implementation of accession goals and short-term needs characteristic of societies in the transformation phase prevented the so-called “development drift” situation, that is, stable growth, but too weak to compare to the most developed Western countries. After the adoption of the document “Assumptions of the development management system of Poland” by the Council of Ministers on 27 April 2009 and as a result of further work, a national development management system was developed.
Innowacyjno gospodarki w wietle krajowych programów operacyjnych realizowanych w Polsce w ramach polityki spójno ci Unii Europejskiej w latach 2004-2020 Kody JEL: O3, O10, O31 S owa kluczowe: innowacyjno , gospodarka, konkurencyjno , program operacyjny, Unia Europejska Streszczenie. Artyku prezentuje polskie do wiadczenia w budowaniu konkurencyjnej gospodarki przy finansowym wsparciu rodkami pochodz cych z bud etu Unii Europejskiej w ramach krajowych programów operacyjnych. W tym kontek cie rozwa ania rozpocz to od wyja nienia poj cia innowacja, nast pnie zaprezentowano potencja polskiej gospodarki w przededniu integracji europejskiej, proces planowania strategicznego oraz programy operacyjne w ca o ci zorientowane na wsparcie tych elementów, które po rednio i bezpo rednio wp ywaj na wzrost innowacyjno ci rodzimych podmiotów gospodarczych. W artykule zwrócono równie uwag na skal rodków finansowych przeznaczanych na wsparcie innowacyjno ci polskiej gospodarki w poszczególnych okresach programowania, ewolucj celów i priorytetów oraz podmiotów zaangaowanych w realizacj tych zagadnie. Wprowadzenie Rozwój gospodarczy nowoczesnego pa stwa powinien opiera si na innowacyjno ci. We wspó czesnym wiecie innowacje stanowi fundament strategii wzrostu gospodarczego, rozwoju podmiotów gospodarczych, a tak e kszta towania dobrobytu poszczególnych pa stw. Od wielu ju lat zaobserwowa mo na przesuwanie struktur rozwini tych gospodarek w kierunku przemys ów i us ug bazuj cych na wiedzy. Jednocze nie w postrzeganiu innowacji i procesu innowacyjnego odchodzi si od poje
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