Abstracts: 11th World Congress, Osaka, JapanOf the eight medical doctors and two nurses who participated in the fourth training course, the nurses now are taking an active part in Vietnam and Laos. The doctors have not found any opportunities to work overseas, but have started their activities in education of medical students and training of medical professionals from Disaster Medicine Operation Units to provide medical support to cope with future disasters in Japan. The results of a survey of the participants will be introduced in detail. Funding for this program for next year unfortunately is not planned. Conclusions: A training program for international emergency management and disaster relief is essential and should be continued for Japanese medical professionals. Such training will contribute not only to their domestic disaster relief, but also for international disaster relief to share Japan's experience with natural disasters. Disaster training is necessary as part of preparing personnel involved in managing untoward tragedies. In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the medical schools of Universiti Malaya and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia have been teaching and training medical students in disaster management. The need for early introduction of this content was recognized, and as part of emergency medicine posting, a specific lecture is dedicated to this purpose. Moreover, whenever the opportunity arises, medical students have been included during tabletop exercises, practical mock drills, disaster seminars, and conferences. From our experience, we conclude that exposure to disaster training at undergraduate level is very timely and beneficial. Perhaps, this should be considered as part and parcel of Emergency Medicine posting in undergraduate medical curricula.
The Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR) is part of the prominent structure, Hong Kong-Zuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB), connecting 3 vibrant cities in Southern China. The works which are administered under Highways Department of HKSAR comprises design and construction of approximately 9km of viaducts. About 7km of the viaducts are marine structures with three navigation channels. The basic structural form of the viaducts is precast segmental prestressed concrete box girder. The span length of the viaducts ranges from 35m to 180m. Balanced cantilever method is selected due to the variability of the span lengths and flexibility in construction. The piers consist of both castinsitu and precast concrete structures. The viaducts are supported on bored piles with diameters ranging from 2.2m to 2.8m. Foundation in areas with complex geology such as fault zones has posed a major challenge to the job. Some piles are over 100m long due to complex geology. This paper presents the challenges and solutions employed in the design and construction of the viaducts. It describes the prestressed schemes employed in both the decks and piers with special details used in the formation of monolithic deck-column connections. The three main Challenges on the project were the erection in open sea, the vicinity of the Airport and enverinmental constraints.
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