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Aim The aim of this work is to examine the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention on self‐efficacy (primary outcome), anxiety, depression, treatment adherence, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients undergoing haemodialysis. Methods A two‐group randomized controlled trial of 124 patients (65 and 59 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively) recruited from a tertiary hospital in Singapore was conducted. Data were collected from January 2015 to June 2016. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. General linear model was used to analyse data. Results Our findings showed significant group effect on HRQoL (effects of kidney disease on daily life; p = 0.041), time effect on all outcomes (p < 0.05; except for treatment adherence behaviours and HRQoL [burden of kidney disease]), and group * time interaction effect on anxiety (p = 0.040) and depression (p = 0.003), with the intervention group reporting better outcomes. Conclusions The positive effects of our intervention on patients' self‐efficacy, psychological well‐being, treatment adherence attitudes, and HRQoL implied its potential use in dialysis/renal centres to improve patients' self‐care and health outcomes.

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