Plantation sector such as tea has been playing an important role to rural economic. This sector is labor intensive and has been providing an aid program to involve farmers in surrounding area to plant the same crops and buy the yield. However due to lower productivity of farmers, problem in quality and price selling arose and prolonged to other problems. Several policies has been proposed to overcome the problem, and including a policy to establish a tea farmer cooperative. Here, this study is aimed to determine factors that able to strengthen the tea farmer cooperative in commercializing tea farmer products. Some factors that are concerned to influence the performance of cooperative are analyzed using the analytical network process (ANP). The results show that factor of cooperation with other related institutions and environment played an important for the farmer cooperatives in order to increase commercialization aspect of their products. Effort to create added value, market and finance information access, and shareholding are among elements that are most prioritized by farmers groups.
Tofu is one of Indonesian traditional foods that is produced mostly by small medium scale industry. It is indicated by low production scale, inefficient in using production material and energy during the process. Baturetno village in Bantul district is center of tofu industries in Yogyakarta Province and is facing common problem such as lack of knowledge, inefficient using energy, using human labour, and no appropriate technology applied. This study is aimed to apply Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the process, waste and emission released to environment and is focused on Global Warming Potential (GWP). The LCA gate-to-gate was applied in a small-scale tofu industry, which had one worker, a production capacity 50 kg soybean/day, 6 working stations and used wood and electricity. For producing 1 kg fresh tofu it was needed energy from human, fuel, wood and electricity were needed for producing 1 kg fresh tofu 1.5269 MJ/kg and produced pollutant contributed as global warming potential of CO2, NOx, CO and CH4 totally 0.1766 kg CO2-equivalent.
Tempeh is one of Indonesian traditional food that have been favored by the locals for centuries. Tempeh has a life cycle from the supply of raw materials, production processes, packaging and transportation that have a potential impact on the environment. In this study Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used as a tool to evaluate the environmental impact on Global Warming Potential (GMP). The LCA study will be conducted in tempeh industry “Ibu Sujati” located at Pandean Street, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta. The LCA study will be focused on the energy consumption in production process, including the raw material transportation . The result showed the boiling process which part of production process has the largest GWP value that equals to 0.488388 kg CO2-eq which contributes 78.79% of the total GWP in the system boundaries.
This study aims to distinguish Indonesian cashew nuts' geographical origin based on their elemental profiles and chemical composition. Nine elements and five chemical components of cashew nut samples were analyzed. The profiles of four micro-elements, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, and five macro elements, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, of Indonesian cashew nuts were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Simultaneously, the chemical components of moisture, ash, total protein, total fat, and carbohydrate contents were measured using the AOAC standard. The combination of elemental profiles was then analyzed with a scatterplot matrix diagram and a multivariate statistical technique, Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA). Inter-region discrimination among four major Indonesian cashew nuts producers was achieved by applying CDA. Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and total protein were the best descriptors for cashew nuts origin. According to the findings, the most abundant element in cashew nuts is potassium (K), followed by magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) (Ca). Fat is the most abundant chemical composition in cashew nuts at the same time. Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) concentrations showed major regional variations. On the other hand, zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) are two micro-elements that may help identify the origin of cashew nut samples. The use of a Canonical Discriminant Analysis scatters plot to visualize the origin of Indonesian cashew nut samples was less successful based on micro-element concentrations. The CDA scatter plot application based on macroelements, and the CDA scatter plot application based on a mixture of micro-and macro-elements produced better results than the CDA scatter plot application based on micro-elements. Furthermore, the best visual separation was achieved using a CDA scatter plot based on a combination of elemental profiles and protein concentration. For a complete characterization of cashew nuts, further research with a large number of samples is needed.
Based on Indonesia Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), palm oil industries are more likely to care about hazardous waste management rather than resource efficiency. It is very important to balance and achieve economic and ecological targets by identifying material and energy inefficiencies with significant economic impact. The application of standard and sustainable production also plays important role for oil palm companies which so far have more than 70% of biomass energy materials such as shells, powders, fibres, and dried empty bunches. This study used the production cost approach and material flow cost accounting to reduce material consumption and waste minimization. Identifying resource efficiencies were used to determine area for improvement. The results show that palm oil company more likely to manage total waste, hazardous waste, and raw materials consumed than material efficiencies. In terms of financial factors, cost ratio and profitability are likely to affect firm decisions regarding to manage the material flow for reducing hazardous waste ratio. This could support long-term business relationships which can be established and negotiated between the palm oil industry as organic waste supplier and the bioenergy producer, revealing economic and environmental benefits for both actors while contributing to the development of responsibility, effectiveness and sustainable (RES).
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