Background: Solid waste from coffee depulping process threatens the organism in environment as it produces organic pollutants. Evidence suggested that coffee by-product could valorize owing to its potential as antioxidant sources. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate antioxidant activity of coffee by-products obtained from different coffee variants (arabica and robusta) and processing methods. Methods: The systematic review was conducted as of May 29, 2021 for records published within the last ten years (2011–2021) using seven databases: Embase, Medline, BMJ, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed. Data on type of specimen, processing methods, and antioxidant activities were collected based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Our data suggested that aqueous extract was found to be the most common processing method used to obtain the antioxidant from various coffee by-products, followed by methanol and ethanol extract. A variety of antioxidant properties ranging from strong to low activity was found depending on the variety, type of coffee by-products (cascara, pulp, husk, silverskin, and parchment), and processing technique. Fermentation employing proper bacteria was found effective in improving the yield of bioactive compounds resulting in higher antioxidant capacity. Applications in feedstuffs, foods, beverages, and topical formulation are among the potential utilization of coffee by-products. Conclusion: Coffee by-products contain bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant properties which could be used as additives in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. In particular, their benefits in skin care products require further investigation.
Introduction: The cause of serious problems in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis is due to uncontrolled fluid intake problems. Factors affect the restriction of patient's fluid intake include internal factors such as age, education, level duration of hemodialysis therapy and external factors such as closest people relationships. Method: Analytical descriptive method with total sampling; 57 patients at Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal Hospital. The instrument used Fluid Management Instrument from António Filipe (2015). Result: fluid restriction mostly in bad category were 55 respondents (96,5%) and salt reduction in bad category 47 respondent (82,5%). Discussion: It is advisable to the hospital to require education and evaluation for the patient about structured fluid management by health personnel so that people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis in accordance with the expected results more leverage.
The purpose of this community service is to increase sales turnover and expand the thread filter technology technique. The method of implementing the service activities in this program aims to improve the welfare of the people who work as salt farmers who previously processed salt using traditional techniques. Therefore, this service activity desires to develop and apply the latest technology, namely Thread Filter and/or Geomembrane (plastic), to provide solutions to salt farmers in developing their business in an easier and more modern way which increases the quantity and quality of the salt produced. Besides, through this service salt farmers are also trained on how to process salt into nanoparticles, as a good product for skin care. Thus, the salt production process will be easier and faster and the benefits obtained by salt farmers will be higher. In this service activity, it will focus on traditional salt farmers to be able to switch and apply the technology of thread filter (TUF) or Geomembrane (plastic) as a process of making salt easily and competently for the community. The results showed that using Thread Filter Technology (TUF) was able to produce results of four to five tons after using geomembrane. Previously without using TUF farmers from the village were only able to produce three tons of salt. The prospect of salt farm business is profitable when applied the techniques of TUF or geomembrane. Finally, the salt farmers can earn income significantly.
Approximately half of the coffee will become by-product in coffee processing. This by-product needs a special focus because of its content can be pollutant for nature. One of the coffee by product that underutilized is cascara, composed by pulp and husk. The major by-product of dry process is husk whereas pulp is the major by-product from wet process. Nowadays, there are various ways to utilize coffee by-product. Previous studies have shown that coffee has a potent antioxidant activity which can be a solution in dermatology problem. This research aims to identify the antioxidant component of coffee arabica husk and pulp of Gayo, Aceh Tengah, Aceh using GC-MS method. One of the compounds that identified in both coffee husk and pulp is caffeine. Caffeine is a potential natural antioxidant and it also has anticellulite effect to skin. The other compounds found in coffee husk and pulp also have benefit in dermatology. We conclude that coffee arabica husk and pulp can be a potential natural source to eradicate dermatologic problem.
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