The distribution of lectin bindings in the testis of babirusa, Babyrousa babyrussa (Suidae) was studied histochemically using 10 biotinylated lectins, Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA I), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), Soybean agglutinin (SBA), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Concanavalin A(Con A) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA I). Nine of 10 lectins showed a variety of staining patterns in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial cells. The acrosome of Golgi-, cap- and acrosome-phase spermatids displayed various PNA, RCA I, VVA, SBA and WGA bindings, indicating the presence of glycoconjugates with D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine sugar residues respectively. No affinity was detected in the acrosome of late spermatids. LCA, PSA and Con A which have affinity for D-mannose and D-glucose sugar residues were positive in the cytoplasm of spermatids and spermatocytes. DBA was positive only in spermatogonia. In addition to DBA, positive binding in spermatogonia was found for VVA, WGA and Con A, suggesting the distribution of glycoconjugates with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose and D-glucose sugar residues. Sertoli cells were stained intensely with RCA I, WGA and Con A. In Leydig cells, RCA I and Con A were strongly positive, while WGA, LCA and PSA reactions were weak to moderate. The present findings showed that the distribution pattern of lectin binding in the testis of babirusa is somewhat different from that of pig or other mammals reported previously.

This research aimed to optimize the formation of microcapsules from alginate and chitosan for Leydig cells encapsulation. Alginate was used as the first coating agent while chitosan was the second layer. Various concentrations of alginate and CaCl₂ were applied utilizing the extrusion method and the best concentration was determined based on their formation time, shape and diameter of microcapsules. Alginate microcapsule was applied with chitosan in various con- centrations. The best chitosan concentration was selected based on its mechanical stability. The results showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted to spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230 - 270 μm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted to spherical microcapsules with mechanical stability of 4 hours. Leydig cells were trapped inside the microcapsule with a density that is proportional to the concentration of cells used in the encapsulation

Abstract. To examine the genetic origin of the domestic pig, the distribution of wild boar, and human-mediated translocation of the domestic pig, we collected 223 samples from domestic pigs and wild boars from eight Indonesian islands, sequenced the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from each sample, and compared these sequences with previously determined sequences from East and Southeast Asian domestic pigs and wild boars. Three Sus species (S. scrofa, S. verrucosus, and S. celebensis) were identified on the Indonesian islands. The mtDNA sequences of three Indonesian Sus species were diverse, and they clustered into three lineages with low bootstrap values (an S. scrofa group including East and Southeast Asian domestic pigs and wild boars, a group including indigenous S. scrofa together with S. verrucosus from Sumatra and Java Islands, and an S. celebensis group from Sulawesi Island). The mtDNA haplotypes of S. scrofa wild boars from three (Sumbawa, Flores and New Guinea) islands and domestic pigs from two (Lombok and Timor) islands east of the Wallace Line, and some S. scrofa wild boars from Sumatra and Java Islands were related to Vietnamese pig mtDNA sequences in the East and Southeast Asian domestic pig and wild boar clade, supporting that ancient immigrants likely introduced domestic pigs from the Asian continent to east Indonesian islands. The mtDNA haplotypes of S. celebensis were broadly divided into three groups, which were distributed in the north and southwest areas, central area and southeast area of Sulawesi Island.

The aim of this study was to evaluate rat Leydig cells collected with Nycodenz gradient in producing testosterone in vitro. Leydig cells were collected using 5 column of Nycodenz gradient (4, 8, 10, 12, and 15%) and cells were evaluated regarding its concentration, viability, and purity of Leydig cells. Media used to culture Leydig cells were: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)+10% newborn calf serum (NBCS); DMEM+10% NBCS+2,5 IU/mL human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG); DMEM+10% NBCS+ITS (5 µg/mL insulin, 10 µg/mL transferrin, and 5 µg/mL Se); DMEM+10% NBCS+hCG+ITS, and cultured in 5% CO2 incubator with temperature of 37.5 C for 3 days. Culture medium was collected every day for testosterone analysis with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By adding ITS to the medium, Leydig cells concentration was significantly increased (8.92x10 6 cells/mL) compared to medium with serum (7.74x10 6 cells/mL) or hCG (7.68x10 6 cells/mL) (P<0.05). ITS and hCG in medium significantly increased Leydig cells concentration (10.40x10 6 cells/mL) at day 3 of culture (P<0.05). The result of parallelism test showed that the assay obtained good validity to measure testosterone concentration in culture medium. Testosterone in medium was detected at 1.80-2.60 ng/mL at day 1 of culture. To conclude, Leydig cells collected with Nycodenz gradient had no effect on testosterone secretion from Leydig cells. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan sel Leydig tikus hasil koleksi dengan gradien Nycodenz untuk menghasilkan testosteron secara in vitro di dalam kultur. Sel Leydig dikoleksi menggunakan gradien Nycodenz 4, 8, 10, 12, dan 15% (5 kolom), lapisan (fraksi) sel yang terbentuk kemudian dikoleksi dan diperiksa konsentrasi, viabilitas dan kemurniannya. Sel Leydig dikultur di dalam 4 perlakuan medium yaitu: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)+NBCS 10%; DMEM+newborn calf serum (NBCS) 10%+human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 2,5 IU/ml; DMEM+NBCS 10%+ITS (insulin 5 µg/ml, transferrin 10 µg/ml, Se 5 µg/ml); DMEM+NBCS 10%+hCG+ITS, kemudian dikultur di dalam inkubator CO2 5% dengan suhu 37 C selama 3 hari. Medium kultur dikoleksi setiap hari untuk dianalisis kandungan testosteronnya menggunakan kit enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ITS ke dalam kultur meningkatkan konsentrasi sel Leydig (8,92x10 6 sel/ml) secara nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan serum saja (7,74x10 6 sel/ml) atau penambahan hCG (7,68x10 6 sel/ml). Penambahan ITS bersama hCG meningkatkan secara nyata (P<0,05) konsentrasi sel Leydig pada kultur hari ketiga (10,40 x10 6 sel/ml). Hasil uji paralellism menunjukkan asai yang digunakan memiliki validitas yang baik untuk mengukur konsentrasi testosteron di dalam medium kultur. Konsentrasi testosteron di dalam medium kultur berkisar 1,80-2,60 ng/ml dan pada hari pertama kultur sudah terdeteksi adanya testosteron. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa koleks...

The developed Leydig cells-conditioned medium (LCM) contains bioactive materials secreted by Leydig cells in vitro.  LCM was used to evaluate the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (1x 106 cell/ml) were cultured in : 1) DMEM supplemented with 10% NBCS as a control (M), 2) M supplemented with 10 ng/ml testosterone; 3) M supplemented with 50%  LCM ; 4) M supplemented with 50% LCM and 2.5 IU/ml hCG. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were cultured with  LCM has a positive reaction (57.4%) to histochemistry staining 3β-HSD and produced 1.87 ng/ml testosterone. Supplementation of hCG to LCM  increased the positive number of Leydig cells and testosterone production by 74.6% and 12.33 ng/ml (P<0.05). It can be concluded that Leydig cells-conditioned medium can support differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Leydig cells.

The crude testicular cells (CTCs) contain many cell types, such as Sertoli cells, leydig cells, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatocytes, and other somatic testicular cells, that secrete various growth factors needed in spermatogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize development of 5-day-old mice testicular cells cultured. Crude testicular cells prepared from the testes of 5-day-old male mice were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere for 6 days. The results demonstrated that the testicular cells developed rapidly with a population doubling time (PDT) of 0.63 days and more than 90% of cells were viable after being cultured for 3 days. The number of Sertoli-like cells increased significantly over days 1, 3, and 6 to 22.1%, 34.6%, and 50.1%, respectively. A significant increase was also observed in fibroblast-like cells (15.5% on day 1 to 28.8% on day 3 and to 26.6% on day 6). In contrast, the number of spermatogonia-like cells decreased significantly (54.3%, 30.4%, and 18.7%, on days 1, 3, and 6, respectively). These data indicated that the developmental pattern of the testicular cell in this study might be affected by the niche provided by the cultured testicular cells.

The developed Leydig cells-conditioned medium (LCM) contains bioactive materials secreted by Leydig cells in vitro. LCM was used to evaluate the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (1x 10 6 cell/ml) were cultured in : 1) DMEM supplemented with 10% NBCS as a control (M), 2) M supplemented with 10 ng/ml testosterone; 3) M supplemented with 50% LCM ; 4) M supplemented with 50% LCM and 2.5 IU/ml hCG. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were cultured with LCM has a positive reaction (57.4%) to histochemistry staining 3β-HSD and produced 1.87 ng/ml testosterone. Supplementation of hCG to LCM increased the positive number of Leydig cells and testosterone production by 74.6% and 12.33 ng/ml (P<0.05). It can be concluded that Leydig cells-conditioned medium can support differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Leydig cells.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi glycoconjugate yang terekspresi pada sel epitelium oviduk kancil (Tragulus javanicus). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan satu oviduk kancil yang berasal dari satu ekor kancil b etina dewasa berumur lebih dari satu tahun. Sampel difiksasi dengan larutan Bouin dan diproses menurut standar histologi sampai menjadi blok parafin dan dipotong dengan ketebalan 5 µm. Jenis lektin yang digunakan adalah biotinylated (Con A, PNA, RCA, UEA I, dan WGA) dengan dosis masing-masing sebanyak 15 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa glycoconjugate dengan residu gula galaktosa, glukosa, manosa, N-asetilgalaktosamin, N-asetilglukosamin, fukosa, dan asam sialat ditemukan pada bagian apikal sel epitel dan di dalam sitoplasma. Glycoconjugate dengan residu gula N-asetilgalaktosamin merupakan glycoconjugate yang paling banyak ditemukan di bagian apikal sel epitel dan di dalam sitoplasma dibandingkan dengan glycoconjugate dengan residu gula lainnya.